CHROMOSOMES OF TIGER BEETLES 453 
doubt, the extreme of this condition which attracted the atten- 
tion of Stevens (’09) when she suggested that, ‘‘In the first 
spermatocyte spindle [of C. vulgaris] the conspicuous elements 
are the trilobed heterochromosome group and a four-lobed or 
cross-shaped macrochromosome’”’ (Stevens, fig. 88, reproduced 
fig. 40). The “four-lobed or cross-shaped macrochromosome”’ 
(fig. 40, h) is evidently an early stage in the formation of the 
ring chromosome (fig. 37, h, 7, and J). 
There is a remarkable similarity between the first spermato- 
cyte chromosomes of C. sexguttata and those of Coptocycla 
aurichaleea (Nowlin, ’06) and a number of forms worked by 
Stevens (06 and ’09). In the latter, however, the small and 
large elements separate in anaphase and go to opposite poles, 
thus giving two types of spermatozoa. One contains the large, 
and the other, the small element. In the case under considera- 
tion no evidence of separation has been found; while on the other 
hand it is very difficult, from direct observations, to establish 
the fact that such does not occur. However, the following 
facts seem to be sufficient to prove conclusively that this double 
element passes undivided to one pole. First, the number of 
second spermatocyte chromosomes is clearly ten and twelve 
(figs. 48 to 51). If the two parts of the double odd-chromosome 
should pass to opposite poles, all second spermatocyte divisions 
would be eleven, since the spermatogonial number is twenty- 
two. Second, two chromatin nucleolei are observed in the 
maturation stages of the female (figs. 95 to 99); while only one 
is found in the male. Third, there is no uniformity in the orien- 
tation of the double odd-chromosome (figs. 36, 39, 41, and 42). 
This body is often surrounded by a clear space, and this is seem- 
ingly free from fiber attachments (fig. 41). Fourth, the double 
odd-chromosome has been observed at or near the pole while 
the other chromosomes were in anaphase (fig. 48). 
Brief reference should be made to some of the forms, exclu- 
sive of the beetles, whose sex-chromosomes behave somewhat 
similar to those of the Cicindelidae. 
Wallace (05) claims that in Agalena naevia two large ele- 
ments pass undivided to the same pole in both the first and sec- 
