454 WILLIAM M. GOLDSMITH 
ond divisions, thus entering only one-fourth of the spermatozoa. 
The number of chromosomes are given as follows: spermato- 
gonial 40, first spermatocyte 19 and 19 + 2X, second spermato- 
cyte 19 and 19 + 2X. Boring (’07) doubts this observation. 
Davis (’08) finds in Arphia tenebrosa two bodies which may 
pass to the same or opposite poles in the first division. In this 
case the number of chromosomes is given as follows: spermato- 
gonial 24; first spermatocyte 13, and second spermatocyte 11, 
12, and 13. If the observations of Davis be correct, this one 
animal is the. only exception of this nature found among the 
Orthoptera. 
In the pig (Wodsedalek, ’13) the double X-element of the 
first spermatocyte spindle is smaller than the autosomes. Though 
the parts are not united, they pass to the same pole, eccentric 
and in advance of the other chromosomes. 
In Syromastes marginatus (Wilson, ’09 a) the ‘double acces- 
sory’ passes as a single body to one pole in the second division, 
while in Phylloxera caryaecaulis and P. fallax (Morgan, ’15) and 
also in Dolomedes fontanus (Painter, ’14) these clement pass 
undivided to the pole in the first division. 
7. SECOND SPERMATOCYTE CHROMOSOMES 
The second maturation division follows immediately after the 
telophase of the first, with no reconstruction of the nucleus. 
The representative number of chromosomes of this division is 
ten and twelve (figs. 48 to 51), while a number of plates were 
found which showed eleven and thirteen chromosomes. The 
cause of these aberrant numbers can be explained on the basis of 
faulty technique or precocious splitting and of overlapping and 
fusion of chromosomes. Observations show that the two ele- 
ments of the double odd-chromosome which pass to the pole in 
advance of the autosomes in the first division, separate and act 
as single chromosomes in the second division. In the cells con- 
taining the twelve, the X elements cannot be definitely dis- 
tinguished from the other chromosomes. 
The second spermatocyte chromosomes present no such 
irregularities as are found in the first division, but more nearly 
