462 WILLIAM M. GOLDSMITH 
(figs. 78 to 79). A few anaphase cells were found in which the 
chromosomes stood apart (fig. 77), but the number (diploid) 
was too great to permit a detailed study. 
The late telophase chromosomes pass directly into the diffuse 
condition characteristic of the normal resting cell. There seems 
to be no further changes until the prophase chromatin aggrega- 
tions are formed. No indications of synizesis (as Taylor, 714, 
p. 391, finds in the somatic cells of Culex pipiens) were observed 
in well-fixed material. 
12. ABNORMAL MITOSES 
In a number of specimens a variety of abnormalities was 
noted in the first spermatocyte mitoses. Figure 119 shows a 
typical multiple chromosome group. The normal number of 
chromosomes for this division is eleven, but twenty-two are 
clearly shown in this plate. Abnormalities of this type have 
been reported a number of times from other material. Metz 
(16) finds (in the Diptera, notably in Sarcophaga and Funcellia), 
‘certain cases of multiple chromosome numbers (tetraploid, or 
higher multiple). In these cases corresponding chromosomes 
were associated in prophase in aggregates of four, eight, etc., 
instead of being arranged in pairs.”’ Wilson (’06) reports in 
Anasa tristis a number of oogonial cells containing forty-four 
chromosomes, when the normal number is twenty-two. He 
suggests that the presence of these multiple chromosome groups 
is due to the fact that, ‘‘all the chromosomes divided once with- 
out the occurrence of cytoplasmic division.’’ Wilson also finds 
nine chromosomes in Lygaeus turcicus and in Coenus delius, 
when eight is the normal number. He says, “the presence of 
this additional chromosome is probably due to a failure of synap- 
sis between two of the spermatogonial chromosomes which 
normally conjugate to form a bivalent body, and it is evidently 
to be regarded as an abnormal condition.”’ 
Randolph (’08) finds in the earwig, Anisolabis maritima, occa- 
sional giant nuclei with double the normal number of chromo- 
somes. ‘There also occur in the first spermatocyte divisions 
