534 SIDNEY I. KORNHAUSER 
Likewise, small ingrafted portions of integument retained their 
original: color and the transfusion of haemolymph was also 
without effect on the color of the adult. In the bisexual grafts, 
a free flow of haemolymph from one component to the other 
was possible, and the conclusion to be drawn is that the presence 
of the soma, haemolymph, and gonads of one sex will not inhibit 
the development of the characteristics of the other component 
belonging to the opposite sex. 
Kellogg (04), by the use of a heated needle, castrated the 
larvae of silk worms. The animals which survived the opera- 
tion and became adults did not show any alterations from the 
normal in their sexual characteristics. Meisenheimer (09) 
published the results of extended researches upon the castration 
and transplantation of gonads in moths. He used a platinum 
needle heated by electricity to burn out the small gonads, and 
this he could do successfully on minute caterpillars after their 
first molt. Castration was often followed by the implantation 
of gonads of the opposite sex. Testes developed normally in 
the female soma, likewise ovaries developed in the abdomen of 
males, but the eggs were always smaller and fewer in number 
than normal. Castration alone or castration followed by in- 
grafting gonads of the opposite sex had no effect on the second- 
ary sexual characteristics; structure and breeding instincts re- 
mained unaltered. <A series of experiments in which the anlage 
of a wing was destroyed in each larva is significant. The anlage 
regenerated in individuals of three types, those with normal 
gonads, those without any gonads, and those provided with 
gonads of the opposite sex, and yet in all cases where an adult 
wing was formed, it bore the original coloration and pattern of 
the sex operated upon. In his general consideration of the soma 
and germ plasm of insects, Meisenheimer reviewed important 
papers on arthropod gynandromorphs and assembled in his 
publication many of the best illustrations of external and in- 
ternal conditions found in these anomalous individuals. 
Regen (’09 a, 09 b) castrated nymphal crickets before their final 
molt or before their penultimate molt. He allowed the individ- 
uals which bore identification marks to mature in their natural 
