598 SIDNEY I. KORNHAUSER 
normal Thelia are shown in figure 51, most of the figures being 
reproduced from a former paper (Kornhauser, 714). Figures 
51, a, and 51, b, show the diploid male group taken from 
testis and developing gonapophyses, respectively. These show 
twenty-one chromosomes, and the largest of each group is the 
unpaired x-chromosome. Diploid groups from the ovary and 
soma of the female are shown in figures 51, h, and 51, 7, and 
exhibit twenty-two chromosomes, which include two large 
x-chromosomes. 
In this anomalous nymph the testes contained typical sper- 
matogonia, and, since these cells are direct descendants of the 
primary germ cell which gave rise to the gonads, it was most 
probably the chromatic make-up of this primordial cell which 
caused the development of testes instead of ovaries. It is the 
author’s opinion that the zygote from which the nymph arose 
was female and that an abnormal mitosis gave rise to a pri- 
mordial germ cell lacking one of the x-chromosomes. Having 
the male diploid group of chromosomes, this cell proceeded to 
form male gonads even though nourished and enclosed within 
the body of a female. An attempt was made to analyze the 
chromatic composition of the soma of this nymph, but on the 
whole the cells were not favorable for accurate counts. No 
metaphase plates were clear enough to count. Two good pro- 
phases indicated the presence of twenty-two chromosomes in 
body cells, but counts of such cells cannot be regarded as entirely 
satisfactory. Nevertheless, since the soma was purely female, 
we may feel fairly certain that the cells which composed it had 
the female chromosome complex, just as the gonads which were 
male had the male chromosome complex. 
Meisenheimer (’09) and Kopeé (711) maintained that ovaries 
transplanted into castrated males produced small ova because 
there was not sufficient room for development, and did not 
ascribe any influence to the metabolism of the soma in which 
they were placed. Their view seems rather extreme, and in the 
case of the testes of the nymph with female soma we find quite 
an effect produced by the soma on the size of the gonads. In 
Thelia, as in most insects, the testes develop much more rapidly 
