612 SIDNEY I. KORNHAUSER 
color or composition of the haemolymph. Likewise, the im- 
plantation of testes into castrated female caterpillars’ or the 
implantation of ovaries into castrated males failed to alter the 
characteristics of the haemolymph in either of the sexes operated 
upon. The conclusion of both authors was that the somatic 
cells which produced the haemolymph, referring principally to 
the cells of the digestive tube, were either male or female, and 
by their activity the haemolymph was also male or female in its 
characteristics. The function of these digestive cells was clearly 
shown to be independent of the ovary or testis. Surely, if the 
ovary were capable of creating a demand upon the soma, we 
would expect that an ovary transplanted into a castrated male 
would so affect the cells of the digestive tube that the necessary 
materials for provisioning the ova with yolk materials and pig- 
ment would be supplied. But as a matter of fact, implanted 
ovaries in male somas fail to get their necessary supplies and they 
fail also to influence those somatic cells which, instead of being 
nutritive in function, have for their mission the production of 
the more permanent structures which include many of the sec- 
ondary sexual characteristics. In the work of Kopeé (’11) we 
see a strengthening of the conclusions of Geyer and Steche 
upholding the physiological difference between the somatic 
cells of the two sexes. It is well known that ovaries trans- 
planted into castrated males never attain normal size, being 
generally a third or a fifth as long and containing but a fourth 
or fifth the normal number of ova which are much undersized. 
A further observation of Kopeé (711) is interesting, namely, 
that in Gastropacha quercifolia such ova are yellow instead of 
green and have fewer and smaller yolk granules than eggs of 
normal females. This latter condition, I believe, may be traced 
to the fact that the cells which provided the haemolymph were 
male instead of female and thus the failure to supply the green 
pigment and necessary yolk materials. Kopeé (711) and Meisen- 
heimer (’09) would refer the smallness of the implanted ovaries 
to lack of space for development in the smaller male abdomen, 
but if the ovary were capable of making a demand as postulated 
by Smith we would expect that those male larvae in which’ 
