AUTHOR’S ABSTRACT OF THIS PAPER ISSUED 
BY THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC SERVICE, AUGUST 11 
THE FACIAL MUSCULATURE OF THE JAPANESE 
TOKUYASU KUDO 
Formerly Assistant in the Anatomical Institute of the Imperial Japanese University 
of Kyoto (Acting Professor in the Anatomical Institute 
of Migata) 
FIVE TEXT FIGURES AND THREE PLATES 
Since Chudzinski and Giacomini made their contribution on 
the muscular system of the negro, many works have been pub- 
lished, especially on the head musculature of the intra-European 
races (Forster, Birkner, Fischer, Eggeling, Fetzer, Loth, H. Vir- 
chow). These authors have uniformly proved that racial dif- 
ferences are related to facial muscles. The following study is in- 
tended to be a small contribution to the solution of the problem. 
The material at my disposal consists of five Europeans (male), 
three Chinese (male), and fifteen Japanese (ten male and five 
female). All are adult. The Japanese cadavers came mostly 
from hospitals, others from prisons (among these two that had 
been hanged). I arranged them in the following order under the 
respective abbreviations: for Europeans, EI to V; for Chinese, 
CI to CIII; and for Japanese, JI to JXV (and likewise the males 
JI to JX, females JXI to JXV). 
The faces have been dissected on both sides or on a single side 
(usually the right); the condition of nourishment of Europeans 
and Chinese is good; that of the Japanese is as follows: 
dils body no. 3778, age 51, emaciated. 
JII, body no. 3768, age 18, good. 
JIII, body no. 3048, age 44, good. 
JIV, body no. 3750, age 18, moderate. 
JV, body no. 3780, age 21, moderate. 
JVI, body no. 3765, age 51, emaciated. 
JVII, body no. 3762, age 30, moderate. 
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