642 TOKUYASU KUDO 
The cervical region of the platysma has been observed in three 
Japanese (figs. 1, 2), a Chinese (fig. 7), anda European. In these 
Chinese (fig. 7) the cervical bundles are not directly connected 
with the cheek region of the platysma. In this (CII), as fig. 7 
shows, the neck fibers of the platysma first run ventral from the 
front, then, forming an open angle above the ear, arise from the 
anterior region dorsad, and finally interweave with the radiating 
bundles of the orbicularis oculi. 
Under the chin the fibers of either side cross over to the oppo- 
site side in three Chinese heads. I found this crossing to be the 
rule in the Japanese cadavers. 
Fig. 1. Male Japanese VI, fifty-one years old. Platysma well developed; 
pars aberrans ascendens rises above the line from the angle of the mouth to the 
auditory meatus. The risorius is spread over the platysma in several strands; 
intermediate strands occur between this and the triangularis. The zygomaticus 
is penetrated at its insertion by the caninus and split into a superficial and a 
deeper layer of the quadratus labii superioris; the three heads together form a 
nearly continuous whole. The caput zygomaticus, at its origin, is close to the 
radiating bundles of the orbicularis oculi anterior. The bundles which turn 
downward in the middle of the course of the caput zygomaticus, pass below the 
zygomaticus; those which extend from the orbicularis oculi are well developed 
at the lateral (especially the superior lateral) and median inferior portion of the 
muscle. The M. occipitatis is moderately broad; its fibers are transverse. A 
proper M. transversus nuchae lies under the posterior bundles of the occipitalis 
at the same level as the lowest belly of the auricularis posterior; other fibers, 
which may be the remains of the platysma bundle run close beneath, obliquely 
downward and forward. The larger auricularis posterior is divided into three 
parts and, in an almost fleshy condition, reaches the ear cartilage. 
Fig. 2. Chinese I. The platysma is poorly developed and runs almost trans- 
versely in front; the pars aberrans is lacking. The triangularis is covered at 
its origin by risorius and platysma fibers. The risorius is distinct from the 
triangularis. The zygomaticus is divided into two portions which pass into 
each other; the upper part extends close to the caput zygomaticus of the quad- 
ratus labii superioris and at its insertion, becomes lost in the caninus; the lower 
portion extends downward toward the triangularis. The caput zygomaticus of 
the quadratus labii superioris connects with the caput infraorbitale. The 
orbicularis oculi forms a well-closed ring, although the lateral bundles enter the 
caput zygomaticus. The lateral short strands of the frontalis are extended 
toward the temple. The lower bundle of origin of this muscle joins the upper 
lateral part of the orbicularis ring. The M. occipitalis spreads out fan-like and 
reaches the anterior fibers of the auricularis superior. The auricularis superior 
and anterior is fibered vertically; the auricularis posterior is plainly separated 
into two long bellies. The transversus nuchae is lacking. The cervical part of 
the platysma is directed obliquely over the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid. 
