654 TOKUYASU KUDO 
Japanese (Kudo) two times in fifteen half faces (13.3 per 
cent). 
Chinese (Birkner and Kudo) none in six half faces. 
European (Kudo) three times in five half faces. 
Negro (Loth) four times in forty-seven half faces (8.5 per 
cent). 
The small muscle which is figured in atlases or in the text- 
books has been observed by me only once in the Mongolians. 
The caput angulare (figs. 1, 4, 5, 6 and 8) may have its origin 
above the hgamentum papebrale mediale. Its connection with 
the adjacent muscles is apparently intimate; the union with the 
frontalis has often been observed. The caput is so intimately 
connected with the orbicularis oculi that it not only unites with 
it, but also receives superficial bundles from it. 
M. orbicularis oris (figs. 1, 4, 5, 6, and 8) 
Birkner has observed a well developed muscle in the Chinese. 
In the negro the muscle is well developed, in connection with 
the thick lips; according to Eggeling, even curved, with its free 
ends respectively somewhat outward and upward in the upper 
lip, downward in the lower lip. 
In the Japanese and Chinese a stronger development as con- 
trasted with the Europeans has not been demonstrated. The 
muscle appears here as a plate with nearly parallel fibers which, 
as in Europeans, has an anterior position. In the negro the 
orbicularis is more fully developed in the under lip than in the 
upper (Giacomini). I have not been able to establish a clear 
distinction of development between the upper and the lower 
lip. 
M. quadratus labu inf. (figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8). 
In the preparation of the superficial layer this muscle shows no 
noteworthy differences between the Japanese and the Europeans. 
M. zygomaticus 
In the Japanese and Chinese this muscle forms a relatively 
powerful strand and often grows together with adjacent muscles 
