660 TOKUYASU KUDO 
M. nasalis 
In general this muscle appears to be as well developed in Mon- 
golians as in Europeans. The development of the pars trans- 
versa (figs. 1 to 6 and 8) fluctuates widely. Thus size and shape 
of the nose are no criteria for the development of this muscle. 
According to Eggeling and Loth, it is well developed in the negro. 
Measurements of the greatest width of the pars transversa follow: 
Negro: 12.5 mm. (Flower and Murie) ; 15 mm. (Loth). 
Japanese: 12 mm. (Kudo). 
Chinese: Left, 10, 10, 12 mm. (Kudo). 
Europeans: Left, 10, 9, 12 mm. (Kudo) ; 11 mm. (Chudzinski). 
Muscles of the two sides which meet in the middle line on the 
bridge of the nose have been observed in few instances in the 
negro, while I have met this connection frequently in Japanese. 
This muscle farther shows an intimate relation to other muscles 
in the yellow races. Frequently (eight times in fifteen half faces 
of Japanese) it passes over into the superficial fibers of the M. 
procerus. Eggeling has found the same in two cases out of five 
Herero heads. The muscle is also comnected laterally with the 
caput angulare. 
I find the pars alaris weakly developed, and frequently it could 
not be distinguished. Still it is possible that it had been removed 
in the preparation. According to Macalister, this part of the 
muscle can be absent in Europeans. 
M. frontalis (figs. 2, 3, and & to 8) 
Several authors have described a strong development of this 
muscle in negroes and Hottentots (Eisler, Loth, Fetzer). It is 
also well developed in the Japanese. The following measure- 
ments give an idea of the extent of this muscle: 
1. The depth of the muscle fibers in the middle line, from the 
base of the nose outward 
a. Measured as one banded group: 
Japanese 81.8 (73 to 122) mm. (Kudo). 
Chinese: right 75, 77 mm.; left 75 mm. (Kudo). 
