FACIAL MUSCULATURE OF THE JAPANESE 663 
Upper breadth’: 
Japanese (Kudo): 63.6 (50 to 78) mm. 
Chinese (Kudo): right, 76, 67; left, 64, 85, 66 mm. 
European (Kudo): right, 68, 64, 77; left, 64, 75, 68, 56, 
66 mm. 
Negro (Chudzinski): 71.4 (61 to 81) mm. 
Lower breadth’: 
Japanese (Kudo): 56.3 (53 to 72) mm. 
Chinese (Kudo): right, 64, 90; left, 61, 65, 86 mm. 
European (Kudo): right 56, 60, 68; left 52, 53, 60, 45, 
73 mm. 
European (Chudzinski) 65 mm. 
Negro (Chudzinski) : 63.8 (43 to 96) mm. 
As a vestige of the auriculo-occipitalis, which is well developed 
in apes, the anterior section of the occipital fibers toward the 
ear (namely, the M. auricularis posterior), shows a changing 
condition. In the posterior position of the muscle bundles 
are arranged more nearly vertically than in the anterior portion, 
and, directed obliquely upward and forward, paralleling each 
other, lie close together. The more anterior bundles, which 
only in a single Japanese (JX) course almost vertically, incline 
strongly forward. They are almost transverse in five cases 
(fig. 1), even obliquely ventral (in a Chinese and a European, 
fig. 8). In a Japanese head the anterior muscle part is sepa- 
rated by an interruption of continuity from the more posterior 
one. 
The anterior muscle bundles run not only parallel with the 
upper margin of the auricularis posterior, but even fuse with it 
(in CII, JIX, and JI). In JIII such bundles become entirely 
separated from the hinder element and reach the ear (fig. 5). 
In Europeans this muscle usually unites with the M. auricularis 
posterior (Le Double). Eisler, on the other hand, does not con- 
firm this for adults. 
In seven out of 100 Europeans Austoni saw the median bundle 
of the occipitalis running dorsad to and parallel with the pos- 
7 The distances, respectively, between mae upper and lower ends of the marginal 
bundles of the two sides. 
