666 TOKUYASU KUDO 
eminentia conchae by a long or short tendon always occurs. 
The origin lies behind the ear, along the neck line for a varying 
distance. The greatest breadth of the longest belly averages 
0.5 mm. in the Japanese. The greatest length of the same belly 
is as follows: 
Japanese (Kudo): 14 half faces, 30 (5 to 60) mm. 
European (Kudo): right, 29; left, 26, 25, 38, 22 mm. 
Chinese (Kudo): left, 36, 42 mm. 
Negro (Chudzinski) : 41.1 (23 to 46) mm. 
Negro (Eggeling, Popowsky, Loth) 11 half faces 40 (23 to 
46) mm. 
The auricularis posterior may reach to the auhnhenaene 
occipitalis externa by evident growth. This apart from a con- 
sideration of the separation by an intermediate tendon into 
auricularis posterior and transversus nuchae. 
With reference to the well-known division of the muscles into 
several parts (figs. 1, 2, and 4 to 8), I have grouped them as 
follows: 
2. - : = 
Ag EEN GLE See ae oe 
ceoege | ee Cees: | ea oot 
Japanese (Kudo) 14 half faces........... 6 (42.9%) | 6 (42.9%) | 2 (14%) 
Chinese (Kudo) 13 half faces............. 1 1 1 
European (Kudo) 5 half faces............ 1 2 2 
Negro (Loth)' 30 half faces.......:....... 12 (40%) 11 (86%) 30 (25%) 
The entire muscle generally possesses a broad, thick belly; 
divided muscle parts often unite with one another at their origin 
(fig. 8). I find-a similar condition in the five Europeans which I 
have studied; also in the Japanese. 
M. auricularis superior et anterior (figs. 2, 3, and 6 to 8) 
All authors agree that these two muscles are incompletely 
separated from each other in negroes. In general, in the yellow 
race as in Europeans, I find a deep, broad, thin muscle plate which 
may join the occipitalis dorsally, the frontalis in front (figs. 2, 
and 5 to 7). On the whole, no peculiar differences between the 
white and yellow races are demonstrable in my material 
