670 TOKUYASU KUDO 
This tendency, it seems to me, is stronger in the Chinese than 
in the Japanese. I found a highly developed crossing or extreme 
radiation of muscle fibers in two Chinese and in a few Japanese 
but never in Europeans. Perhaps the described differences 
would all be sharper if the comparisons of the musculature had 
been carried out on more abundant material. 
In a strongly muscularized head the muscles are usually coarse- 
bundled. Nevertheless, on a basis of fineness or coarseness of 
bundles alone, I could not base any racial difference. When the 
thickness of the muscle bundles and the differentiation of single 
muscles, etc., are taken into account, the racial differences are 
insignificant in my material. 
With reference to single variations among Mongolians, all 
types of varieties are found which are weakly expressed in the 
facial muscles of the Europeans; on the other hand, no varieties 
are shown in the Mongolians which have not been described for 
the Europeans. But we find that the presence of certain varie- 
ties or characteristics which manifest themselves only occasion- 
ally or seldom in Europeans or negroes, are observed regularly 
in the Mongolians. 
In conclusion, I sum up the observations on the separate 
regions and the arrangement of the entire facial musculature of 
fifteen Japanese, three Chinese, and five European heads as 
follows: 
1. The platysma which takes part in the structure of the cheek 
region, consists, for the most part, in the Mongolian of a con- 
tinuous muscle plate, the same asin Europeans. Well-developed 
platysma fibers which extend in a line drawn from the corner of 
the mouth to the outer ear opening or course above it have been 
found in five Japanese and two Chinese. 
Most of the cases of the aberrant platysma strands, which 
rise orbitotemporalward and may often reach the zygomaticus 
or orbicularis oculi, have been observed in the Japanese (eleven 
out of fifteen half faces), and constantly in the Chinese. I 
have nothing special to contribute with respect to the frequency 
of the neck portion in the Mongolians. 
The M. mandibulo-marginalis has been found twice in fifteen 
half faces of the Japanese. It is rarer in Europeans. 
