EXPLANATION OF PLATES 1 TO 3 
Comparison of the three plates (1, Japanese; 2, Chinese; 3, European) shows 
at the first glance great differences in the facial musculature asa whole. Inthe 
Japanese and Chinese the facial muscles are strongly developed, coarsely bundled, 
spread widely, with a tendency toward a fusion of the separate muscles into a 
single sheet, often (especially in the Chinese) radiated and interlaced. In the 
European (pl. 3), on the other hand, the separate muscles are delicate and well 
differentiated. I selected extreme cases for my figures of the different races; 
naturally, such great differences are not universal. The separate muscles are 
described in detail as follows: 
PLATE 1 
EXPLANATION OF FIGURE 
6. Female Japanese XI, twenty years old. Platysma forms an entire plate, 
the pars aberrans surpasses the mouth angle-auditory meatus line in a fan-like 
arrangement. The triangularis is broad at its origin. Between this muscle and 
the risorius (the latter consists of two bundles) are intermediate marginal fibers. 
It is noticeable that several isolated fiber strands of the M. mandibulomargi- 
nalis, partially covered by the triangularis, run obliquely on the platysma. The 
coarsely bundled zygomaticus is scarcely separated from the caput zygomaticus 
and the orbicularis oculi. The superficial layer of the caninus, at the insertion 
of the zygomatic, consists of weak fibers. The caput angulare of the quadratus 
labii superioris is strong. The lateral marginal bundles of the orbicularis oculli 
are compact and pass over below to the zygomaticus. Also there are laterally 
directed radial bundles on the lower lateral quadrant of the orbicularis. The 
medial lower bundles are compact and somewhat swollen. The M. frontalis is 
relatively fine-fibered. The lateral part of this muscle, the auriculofrontalis 
and the auricularis superior and anterior come in contact with each other and 
form a thin connected sheet over the temple. The medial vertical fibers of it, 
along the temporal vessels, are bent toward the ear; the fibers of the auriculo- 
frontalis which run forward, end on the lower region of insertion of the frontalis, 
beneath the orbicularis oculi The three parts of the M. auricularis posterior 
are not sharply separated from each other. 
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