No. 1.] GUSTATORY ORGANS OF THE BAT. 3 
in height. Where they join the tongue, the transverse diame- 
ter is only 0.12 mm. Each papilla is encircled by a rather shal- 
low and very wide trench. In some sections this extreme width 
of the trench (as shown in Fig. 1) is confined to its upper part, 
the lower portion curving beneath the papilla and becoming 
quite narrow. The ridge surrounding the trench, and forming 
its outer wall, has elongated tactile papillae projecting from its 
surface (Fig. 1). The general surface adjoining this gustatory 
area is covered with large and small papillz, quite symmetrical 
in arrangement, but presenting a great variety of forms. Serous 
glands are fairly numerous in the gustatory area, but none were 
found within the papillary body itself. The ducts of the serous 
glands open into the trench at its base and sides. The papilla 
at its upper part bears many secondary papilla, the depressions 
between which are filled by the epithelium. The nerves are 
chiefly non-medullated and ramify throughout the papilla, but I 
was unable to trace their terminal branches with any distinct- 
ness. The large ganglion described by Poulton! in the circum- 
vallate papilla of Pevameles, and observed by me? in the cir- 
cumvallate papilla of F7der, I failed to detect any indications of 
here. - 
The two lateral circumvallate papillz are asymmetrical, the 
right one being much less developed than the left. The latter, 
as seen in vertical section, is elliptical in shape, and joins the 
tongue by a narrow pedicel. The trench which surrounds this — 
papilla is very wide at its upper part, and narrow and of uni- 
form breadth at its lower. Serous glands are sparingly scattered 
through this region, and are entirely wanting within the papil- 
lary body. 
The taste-bulbs are not very numerous in the circumvallate 
papilla of Vespfertzlio. They are disposed at the sides in a girdle 
of seven or eight tiers, the uppermost tier being nearly on a 
level with the top of the trench. From horizontal sections, 
made at different levels, I estimated the average number of 
bulbs in a tier at fifty. If we allow for eight tiers, we shall 
have four hundred bulbs for each papilla. I did not succeed in 
finding bulbs in the epithelium investing the upper surface of 
the papilla, nor was I able to detect them in the outer wall of 
1 Quart. Journ. Micr. Sci., Vol. XXIII., 1883, p. 73. 
2 Journ. of Anat. and Physiol., Vol. XXII., 1888, p. 136. 
