286 SHUFELDT. [Vou. II. 
men of Caranx, No. 11,385, foreshadows in its vomer what even- 
tually comes to pass, between this condition in Grammucolepis 
and what we find in C. £zppos. In this latter fish, as will be 
observed by referring to the figures Fig. 6, e¢ seg., the vomer 
is quite a solid bone, and is moulded upon the anterior end of 
the parasphenoid, forming a more or less massive termination of 
this end of the cranium. 
In our unspecified specimen of Cavanx, this general appear- 
ance is likewise maintained; but upon a lateral view, we are 
enabled to look in between the vomer and parasphenoid, and 
the less solid formation of either can at once be appreciated as 
well as their less intimate relation to each other. It is a shame 
that this species is not known, nor was ever diagnosed when this 
specimen of cranium was taken, as this condition is very inter- 
esting in the present connection, as are several others, as we 
shall presently see. 
As representatives of the Cavangid@, neither of these speci- 
mens develop a spine-like process descending from the post- 
frontal, which is a very marked feature of that bone in Grammz- 
colepis. It is, however, present in other teleosteans, as seen in 
one crania of Pomacanthus and Teuthis, Figs. 10 and It. 
Before leaving this region of the cranium, I would like to 
invite attention to the anterior aspect of it, in this very speci- 
men of Pomacanthus (Fig. 10). It approaches to some degree 
the truncate appearance, so often alluded to in Gvam#miacolepis ; 
a closer resemblance, however, is vitiated by the extraordinary 
forward and upward projection of the vomer in Pomacanthus. 
Posterior to this bone, in the individual in question, an extraor- 
dinary concavity is seen, the sides of which are formed by the 
prefrontals and parasphenoid, being perforated on either side by 
a group of foramina. Its bottom is completed entirely by the 
latter bone. 
Teuthis ceruleus offers us in its ethmoid and vomer just the 
very reverse of this condition, as may seen by a reference to 
Bis. 11, 
It may be as well to note in passing that in Pomacanthus paru 
the parasphenoid is very deep in the vertical direction, being 
longitudinally excavated above and continuous with the capa- 
cious eye-muscle canal, while anteriorly and below it is sharply 
carinated. Posterior to this carination the bone develops a 
