288 SHUFELDT. [Vo.. II. 
are quite transparent at their centres, while raised flutings radiate 
from their hinder points, forwards and outwards. The trans- 
parent areas are found to be even perforated in my specimen of 
Caranx hippos, so thin do they become. Now it will be remem- 
bered that in Grammzcolepis, from the horizontal portion of either 
frontal, was developed an upturned, scroll-like projection, the 
free edges of the two bones meeting in the median line. There 
was thus formed sort of a conical prominence, the lower part 
and base of which was anterior, being terminated by the trans- 
verse rugosity in front, while the apex, or highest part, seized 
the free front margin of the supraoccipital crest. In Caranx 
hippos these vertical portions of the frontal bones are in close 
approximation, so that they appear to be the continuation for- 
wards of the supraoccipital crest ; the sutural traces, however, 
have entirely disappeared; while in the cranium of our other 
Caranx, the method of formation is very evident from the fact 
that the vertical frontal plates are not thus coéssified, but plainly 
show their individual origin as well as their relation and connec- 
tion with the, anterior free margin of the supraoccipital crest, 
which is wedged in between them. (Compare Figs. 2 and 6, as 
well as 7 and 3.) 
Pomacanthus paru has very extensive rugosities upon its 
frontal bones, but these latter elements are exceedingly dense 
and thick, as is the anterior border of the supraoccipital crest in 
this fish, which measures at its widest part nearly five millime- 
tres across. 
Such forms as Pomacanthus paru do not develop conspicuous 
parietal and squamosal crests; they are still less manifest in 
Teuthis. On the other hand, in the Carangideé these crests 
constitute the most striking feature of the cranium. As already 
stated above, they are but feebly produced in Gvammiucolepis, 
though they are plainly indicated. 
All the lateral parts of the cranium, made up of the hinder 
portion of the parasphenoid, the prodtic, opisthotic, exoccipital, 
basioccipital, and below the squamosal line, are very much alike 
in Cavanx and our unique subject, more particularly in our un- 
diagnosed specimen of a Cavanx. But in the latter the basioc- 
cipital enters far more extensively into the formation of the eye- 
muscle canal than it does in Grammicolepis, as in the Caranx 
we find a condition existing, as regards the opening between 
