No. 2.] GRAMMICOLEPIS BRACHIUSCULUS. 289 
the hinder forks of the parasphenoid, very much the same as 
described for Teuthis cwruleus. 
Upon comparing the posterior views of the crania of Caranx 
hippos and Grammtcolepis (Figs. 5 and 9), we find, indeed, but 
few points of resemblance between them. The occipital crest 
in the former comes almost down, as it does in Pomacanthus, to 
the supero-median point of the foramen magnum. It is far 
above it in the latter fish. There the absence of the spreading 
lateral crests, seen in the Cavanx, constitute a marked difference. 
Professor Poey’s fish also has bony pillars developed by the ex- 
occipitals, one being on either side of the foramen magnum. 
These are absent in the Carangide. 
Figure 9.— Posterior view of the cranium of Caranx hippos, Spec. 13,561, Smithso- 
nian Institution Collection. Life size, by the author from the specimen. Letters as 
before. 
In C. hippos the facets on the exoccipitals for the first verte- 
bra of the column meet in the middle line; these parts, how- 
ever, in G. brachiusculus have been injured, probably during the 
first dissection, so that I am unable to say positively upon this 
point in regard tothem. In P. paru the first vertebra of the 
column coossifies with the basioccipital, but this condition does 
not obtain in Zewthzs. In this latter form the supraoccipital 
crest also fails to reach the upper periphery of the foramen mag- 
num at its middle point. 
We find that both P. parw and Teuthis have the squamosal 
curled downwards and forwards in the most extraordinary 
manner, best marked in the latter type. This is well shown in 
lateral view in Fig. 11, though I am not sure but that the piece 
there indicated by sg may not be a separate ossification, in 
