324 SHOUFELDT. [Verne 
of the same species. Charadrius squatarola seems to have the 
usual cervical vertebrz (6th to 9th inclusive) modified beneath for 
the carotid canal; while in a Killdeer before me, the series so 
modified includes the fifth cervical. Only the free caudal verte- 
bree have been counted in the subjoined “ Table,” omitting in 
every case to include the pygostyle; a bone that may include 
several more, and perhaps vary for the species here given. 
TABLE. 
Number of vertebrae that possess ribs 
Pairs of sacral ribs (they do not reach 
sternum). 
SPECIES. 
Total number of free prepelvic verte- 
brae. 
ra 
te 
° 
<s 
B=] 
2 
R 
a 
Be) 
vo 
= 
- 
o 
> 
_ 
fe 
> 
~ 
7) 
=) 
- 
° 
ra 
vo 
a 
E 
A 
The first cervical vertebra that has 
free ribs. 
which reach the sternum by costal ribs. 
The second cervical vertebra that has 
free ribs. 
Total number of vertebrae in column 
exclusive of pygostyle. 
Carotid canal in following cervical ver- 
Number of vertebrz in pelvic sacrum. 
tebrz: (inclusive). 
The first vertebra that has ribs which 
The third cervical vertebra that has 
reach the sternum by costal ribs. 
free ribs. 
free ribs. 
Aphriza virgata 
cl 
iS) 
_ 
| 6th to oth 
| 6th to oth 
| 6th to oth 
6th to 9th 
6th to 9th 
| 6th to oth 
— 
2 
-_ -_ 
- - 
Charadrius squatarola . 
Los) 
ot 
wm unum 
— mo 
fopi plone (on) 
ms 
t 
toy 
_ 
Actitis macularia.... 
_ 
ios) 
-_ 
ty 
_ 
aS 
_ 
oO’ 
to 
Land 
Heematopus bachmani . 
No 
al 
Arenaria melanocephala| 
“SI CN SI “1 © | Number of free caudal vertebrz. 
CNS Oie (ON ON Oy ON 
- 
G2 
_ _ 
on om 
_ 
ion) 
i) 
OV 
No 
i 
Rhyacophilus solitarius 
rl 
ios) 
We find nothing especially noteworthy in the vertebre of 
Aphriza virgata, as they in a general way are fashioned upon 
the usual ornithic pattern of those bones among ordinary birds. 
The axis, and the three cervical vertebre that follow it, are 
especially conspicuous for their prominent neural and hzemal 
spines, and their postzygapophyses, which latter extend upwards, 
outwards, and backwards, as strong processes in the second and 
third cervicals. This last feature is not so manifest in Aphriza 
but becomes more so in Avenaria, and in Hematopus arrives at 
its maximum development, for in this species the postzyga- 
pophyses of the axis and the vertebra next behind it are nearly 
as lofty as the great neural spines upon these vertebra, giving 
them the appearance of being tricornuted upon their dorsal 
aspects. Oyster-catchers have comparatively short parapophy- 
