1 6 EASTER ROLL FOR THE PARISH OF HOPE. 



upon live stock. At Hope it was the custom to pay 2d. upon 

 each cow {vac), and id. on each calf {vit.), and apparently an 

 acknowledgment of id. from every keeper of sheep {ov. id.). 

 The beekeeper also paid 2d. {ap. 2d.) ; in one place there is an 

 entry of 4d. under this head, when probably the bees were kept 

 in two distinct parts of the holding. This beekeepers' acknow- 

 ledgment was altogether distinct from tithes for honey and for wax, 

 which formed a part of the small tithes pertaining to the Vicar of 

 Hope. It helps us to realize the intricacy of the old custom of 

 paying tithe in kind, to remember that the Church, in addition to 

 the tithes of honey and of wax, and, in addition to the Easter fee 

 for keeping bees, laid a tithe on the honey and wax producing 

 insect as well as on the product, for in the Peak district every 

 tenth swarm was claimed by the Vicar. Thus, in the Vicar of 

 Castleton's journal for 1743, under date June 22nd, is this 

 entry : — '' I had a swarm of bees for Tyth from Mr. Needham."* 



The letters "//," following a good many of the names in this 

 roll, evidently refer to Plough Alms, eleemoysina aratraks, a 

 custom of limited extent which we have not previously noted in 

 Derbyshire, whereby a penny was paid to the church at Easter for 

 every plough-land. A return of ecclesiastical dues payable at 

 St. Ives, Huntingdon, made in the year 1252, says : — "Z>^ gtmli- 

 bet caruca juncta inter Pascham et Pentecosten ujium denariiwi qui 

 dicitur Ploualmes"\ 



To one name are appended the letters "pul," which at first we 

 took to denote some due on a poultry-yard (pullets) ; but then it 

 would have occurred more frequently. However, pullus is also 

 used of the young of any animal, ^2///z^j e^Z(r/«?« meaning a colt, 

 and the word is thus used in the charter wherewith William 

 Peverel endowed Lenton Priory with Derbyshire tithes. :{: So this 

 contraction may refer to a due, of which we have no other 

 proof, payable on horse-breeding ; or it may refer to a due on a 

 fish pond, for in " low Latin " pulla is used for a pool or stew. 



* Derb. Arch, and Nat. Hist. Soc. Journal, vol. ii., p. 8l. 

 t Monait. Anglic, vol. i., p. 256. 

 X Churc/ies of Derbyshire, vol. ii., pp. 141, 578. 



