ON SOME DIGGINGS NEAR BRASSINGTON, DERBYSHIRE. 1 27 



as Great Britain is concerned, the builders of these barrows were 

 a "long-head," or dolicho-cephalic race, of small stature and 

 rather delicate physique. The face was oval and orthognathic, 

 the forehead vertical and rather low, the nose aquiline, the 

 curves of the head gentle, and to judge from the survivals of 

 this people in Western Europe, of dark complexion. In the 

 latter barrows this race is still found, but in addition, another — a 

 tall and powerful "round-head," or brachy-cephalic race, with 

 massive lower jaw, prognathic face, broad forehead, and rugged, 

 short, and square head — these new comers having in the mean- 

 while overrun Western Europe and mingled with the earlier 

 population. In the long-barrow period, a certain social order 

 was already established, and so were cattle-rearing and agriculture ; 

 but from the uniform absence of metals from the original inter- 

 ments of these barrows, it is concluded that their use was un- 

 known, hence this stage of culture has been termed Lithic, stone 

 (flint) being the best available and most used material for cutting 

 and other implements, and Neolithic, in contradistinction from the 

 older culture of the Pleistocene. In the round barrows, on the 

 other hand, bronze and iron implements are repeatedly found in 

 addition to flint ones. To discuss the age of the long barrows 

 is little else than speculation ; but it is scarcely probable that 

 less than 3,000 years have elapsed since the close of their era. 



We now return to Harborough. The line of stones, marked 

 d, d, d, on the plan, is unquestionably a fragment of the gallery. 

 The stones are certainly small, and if they represent the height of 

 the gallery, it must have been too low to allow of easy access to 

 the chamber. Moreover, we found them deeply set in the earth, 

 protruding only about eight inches above the natural surface and 

 the level of the chamber pavement, but they may have sunk to this 

 extent, or have been built upon to the required level. That one 

 or other is the case has some support from the fact that the 

 stone, also marked d, on the opposite side was found to 

 be considerably higher. * The chamber-floor, as frequently 



* Compare with the New Grange gallery. Dry masonry and stacked stone 

 were much used in these barrows, and the blending of slab-construction with 

 masonry is characteristic of this period. 



