54 KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 
Analysis of the water gave the following results per liter: 
BOIS cc ones See O28) eramiae | Nags. eae nrcc Sein ecceee .0244 grams. 
(SlO Poe oar BTA ts ORT: 0550). es Hs). combined =: see: - O746) aS 
CO iets an.ctonie te each ee OLTG), COs combined .......... 3644 *8 
WOO) iS oxts aic's of cvise mate : 0454 e igi tials Uo 9390“ 
Cas srs secwesh wen ceers .1625 Tess OU 0040. « 
NirO): 50 hda55 Se ee 0356 « BO ee Sar Re tae Lelie 
KO's. cicbated Beets oe 0245 «=*§ Totalsoliday ys es. see Beyci)) bi 
The probable combination in grains, per U. 8S. gallon, is as follows: 
BiO> 55. ic ae en aes 1.6324 | MgHe(COs)a. ccc... exten 5.1712 
Nak... Seuceees ae ere 1.6907 || Cala(OGale ci. co cca acaneee 27.4126 
NaeS@y. SOR erates 1,2010'.| FeHis(COps. 7... 222 2226 eae 6.5471 
KeSOy si s.. SAeer Oe ere: 2.6410 | ae 
Mpa, Velev wouialt Pe). Ho 1.9764 | Total solits wc con, cena 48 .2724 
WATER-SUPPLY FROM A SANITARY STANDPOINT. 
BY F. O. MARVIN, C. E., UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS, LAWRENCE, 
A lecture delivered before a special meeting of the Academy, at Topeka, January 25, 1901. 
As a close student of the animated forces of nature becomes more and more 
familiar with the various individual species that make up the complicated fauna 
and flora, and with the way in which she carries on the life processes of the dif- 
ferent organizations, the more is he forced to a recognition of the fact that there 
is a constant struggle for individual existence. Life preys upon life. The higher 
types attack and kill the lower, appropriating them for food or getting them out 
of the way if inimical to their development. In turn, throughout the whole 
range of living organisms, the lower resists this attack and appropriation, and 
through the multiplicity of numbers or a counter-attack in the domain of para- 
sitism, seeks to maintain and perpetuate its own. Just in proportion as any type 
acquires an ability to ward off attack from its enemies on the one hand, and on 
the other to utilize the vital energies of those of the lower types that can assist 
in any way in its own permanence, does it have chance of a natural and con- 
tinuous evolution of its own traits and characteristics. 
Man himself is not exempt from this struggle, but he has the advantage of a 
higher intelligence, which, unfortunately, he does not always exercise to his bene- 
fit. He often so orders and conducts the affairs of his daily life as to create con- 
ditions favorable to the rapid and continued development of his natural enemies, 
while neglecting those that favor his natural friends. 
Air, water, food and the soil are the natural possessions of man, and each in- 
dividual has an inalienable right to their use. If he is to derive the maximum of 
benefit from the exercise of this right, these elements must contain nothing that 
is harmful to him; that is to say, that the air must be clean, the water safe, the 
food good, and the soil unpolluted. Absolute purity in these elements has no 
practical existence, and it is useless to insist on such; but_it is well within the 
individual right to demand that these shall be free from harmful contaminations, 
so that they may be used with safety. This individual right also carries with it 
an individual responsibility, viz., the avoidance of any personal act, whether 
wilful or otherwise, that may render these elements unsafe to others. 
Primitive man could easily move his local habitation to one of better environ- 
ment when he found the results of his own living were detrimental to either him- 
