180 KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 
The base of the Marion is fixed by both Prosser and Cragin at the Winfield 
concretionary limestone. This is a prominent ledge that extends from Marion 
county southward, forming the escarpment west of the Walnut river almost 
from its source to its mouth, as well as numerous mounds and bluffs to the east 
of this stream. It is well exposed near Winfield and Arkansas City, and extends 
into Oklahoma as far as the vicinity of Ponca City and White Eagle. The top 
of the Wellington being at the line of contact of that formation with the over- 
lying Red Beds, it follows that the line of the eastern outcrops of the Red Beds 
will also be the western limit of the Wellington. The northern exposure of the 
Red Beds seen by the writer is near Arlington, western Reno county. From this 
point the eastern limit of these beds may be traced southeast along a line pass- 
ing near Castleton, New Murdock, Norwich, and Argonia, to the vicinity of 
Caldwell. In southern Kansas, then, the Marion and Wellington formations oc- 
cur in the following counties: Western Marion, Butler, and Cowley; practically 
all of Harvey, Sumner, Sedgwick, and McPherson, and eastern Reno and King- 
man. Throughout a great part of this area the Paleozoic is covered with post- 
Mesozoic formations; notably the Equus beds of McPherson, Harvey, and Reno 
counties. These formations, however, will not be discussed in this connection. 
A glance at the map will show that, along the parallel of the north line of 
Sedgwick county, the two formations under discussion occupy an area sixty miles 
wide from east to west. On the state line, sixty-three miles south, the distance 
across the area is not to exceed thirty miles. It will also be seen that this con- 
traction of area southward is caused by the southeast trend of the line of eastern 
outcrops of the Red Beds. The Winfield concretionary limestone at the base of 
the Marion trends approximately north and south. 
Bearing in mind the conditions in southern Kansas, we will next turn our at- 
tention to the rocks of northern Oklahoma, in order to ascertain whether or not 
like conditions obtain in this region. As stated above, the Winfield concre- 
tionary limestone continues uninterruptedly southward beyond Ponca City. In 
eastern Kay county it forms the uppermost of a number of heavy flint- bearing 
limestones, the western extension of the Flint hills, that outcrop along the bluff 
west of the Arkansas river. To the south the ledge appears to thin out, as do 
all the limestones of the region, and has not been recognized as far south as the 
Otoe reservation, although a thin stratum of limestone north of the Otoe agency 
may be referred to the same ledge. As stated above, the western limit of the 
Wellington in northern Oklahoma is the line of the outcrop of the McCann sand- 
stone. The most northern outcrop of this rock, so far as known, is on Deer 
creek, five miles southeast of Nardin, Kay county, and thirty miles southeast of 
Caldwell, Kan. From this point this ledge has been traced southeast, past the 
Eagle’s Nest quarries, south of Tonkawa, to the vicinity of Redrock, a station on 
the Santa Fe in the Otoe reservation. The blue and green shales of the Welling- 
ton are found, however, as far as Perry and the southern part of Noble county. 
In the vicinity of Ingalls, in eastern Payne county, thirty miles southeast of 
Perry, the typical Red Beds shales and sandstones are found in connection with 
the fossiliferous, flinty limestones, which here represent the southern extension of - 
the Flint hills. 
The area of outcrops of the Marion and Wellington formations in Oklahoma, 
then, may be compared to a right-angled triangle, with the right angle located 
near Arkansas City, Kan. The state line from Arkansas City to Caldwell is one 
leg of this triangle, and the line of outcrop of the Winfield concretionary lime- 
stone from Arkansas City to Redrock is the other leg. The hypotenuse is along 
8. Univ. Geol. Sury. of Kansas, vol. II, 1897, p. 64. 
