TWENTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL MEETING. 



233 



show the same layer of rock nearly at the same level. An example of this 

 is seen in the fact that the same limestone that is being quarried on the reser- 

 vation west of Fort Leavenworth was excavated at Pilot Knob for the reser- 

 voir, though in most of the country between it has been eroded out, and ma- 

 terials that were once below it are now at the surface of the lower levels. 



Again deep down in the ground the same seam of coal is being worked at 

 North Leavenworth and Lansing, and the same bed of hard shale is above 

 it and bastard limestone below it, with intervening fire-clay. At that depth 

 the strata are persistent for long distances. Great gashes have been cut in 

 them by the wearing of the streams near the surface. 



The coal measures at Leavenworth may be said to be about 1,500 feet 

 thick, measured from the top of Pilot Knob to the last black shale, 450 feet 

 below the coal seam now being worked. They are coal measures; that is, 

 they contain coal, but only a very small fraction of this thickness is coal. 

 Six, and in some places seven, thinner seams are passed through before the 

 Leavenworth vein is reached. But one vein of 22 inches thick, at a depth 

 of 700 feet, constitutes this a coal region, without reckoning the workable 

 veins below. 



In 1881, Mr. Oscar Lamm, manager of the shaft at the State Penitentiary, 

 published the record of the strata passed through. It is as follows : 



Strata Passed Throug-h. 



1. Surface clay, bowlders, etc 



2. Limestone, gray 



3. Shale, black 



4. Limestone, blue 



5. Soapstone, light drab 



6. Limestone, gray-dark 



7. Shale, green-gray, etc 



8. Limestone, brown, etc 



9. Limestone, gray, etc 



10. Soapstone, light drab , 



11. Limestone, brown, etc 



12. Shale, black, etc 



13. Limestone, gray-dark 



11. Shale, gray-black 



15. Limestone, brown 



16. Shale, gray-purple 



17. Limestone, gray 



18. Shale, green ; 



19. Limestone, gray 



20. Shale, gray, etc 



21. Limestone, drab 



22. Shale, gray, etc 



23. Limestone, gray 



24. Shale, gray, etc 



25. Limestone, dark gray 



26. Shale, black, etc 



27. Limestone, light gray 



28. Shale, gray, etc 



29. Limestone, gray, etc 



30. Limestone, black, etc 



31. Shale, black, etc 



32. Limestone, gray 



33. Shale and limestone, drab, etc 



34. Limestone, light gray, etc 



35. Shale, gray, etc 



36. Limestone, brown 



37. Shale, drab 



38. COAL, black 



39. Shale, drab 



40. Limestone, light brown 



41. Shale, black, etc 



42. Limestone, gray 



Thick- 

 ness of 

 strata. 



Ft. In 

 35 5 

 12 



3 11 



2 5 

 23 6 

 15 8 

 23 



6 8 



7 10 

 37 

 17 10 

 11 8 



4 10 



3 2 

 1 1 



8 

 6 5 

 1 6 



2 5 

 15 6 

 10 2 

 18 4 



2 6 



4 3 

 1 11 



5 10 

 1 7 

 1 6 



21 



4 

 10 1 

 18 8 



9 



12 3 



142 8 



6 



7 10 



2 



9 2 



5 



3 9 

 1 



Depth. 



Ft. In 



35 5 



47 5 



51 4 



53 9 



77 3 



92 11 



115 11 



122 7 



130 5 



167 5 



185 3 



196 11 



201 9 



204 11 



206 



214 



220 5 



221 11 

 224' 4 

 239 10 

 250 

 268 4 

 270 10 

 275 1 

 277 

 2S2 10 



284 5 



285 11 

 306 11 

 310 11 

 321 

 339 8 

 348 8 

 360 11 



503 7 



504 1 



511 n 



512 1 

 521 3 

 526 3 



530 



531 



Strata Passed Through. 



Shale, black 



Limestone, gray 



Shale, black, etc 



Limestone, light gray. 



Shale, black 



Limestone, light gray. 

 Sandstone, brown-gray 



Shale, black 



Limestone, brown 



Shale, black 



COAL 



Fire-clay 



Sandstone, gray 



Shale, drab : 



Shale, bituminous 



Shale, buff 



Limestone, light gray. 



Shale, drab-purple 



Limestone, light gray. 



Shale, black 



COAL, black 



Fire-clay, drab 



Limesttone, light gray. 



Shale, drab 



Limestone, light gray . 



Shale, drab 



Limestone, light gray. 



Shale, black 



Fire-clay, dark 



Shale, light, sandy 



Shale, dark drab 



Limestone, dark gray . 



Shale, drab, etc 



COAL 



Fire-clay, drab 



Sandstone, black 



Slate, drab, etc 



COAL 



Fire-clay and shale 



Shale, dark 



Slate, drab and black . 

 COAL 



Thick- 

 ness of 

 strata. 



Ft. In 



1 



3 2 



7 5 

 3 5 



6 



2 



8 3 

 12 



3 3 

 2 6 



8 





 6 

 2 

 9 

 7 



5 1 

 3 3 

 2 3 



1 10 



4 



2 7 



2 4 



3 7 

 24 



8 

 6 

 1 

 10 



10 



6 



7 1 

 2 



1 4 



3 



23 4 



1 9 



Depth. 



Ft. In. 



532 



535 2 



542 7 



546 



546 6 



548 6 



556 9 



568 9 



572 



574 6 



575 2 

 575 8 

 579 8 

 581 10 

 583 6 

 5«5 3 

 589 3 

 598 9 

 6U0 11 



605 8 



606 3 

 611 4 

 614 7 

 616 10 



618 8 



619 

 621 7 

 623 11 

 627 6 

 651 6 



659 6 



660 

 670 1 



670 11 



671 



677 

 684 

 684 

 685 

 688 

 712 

 713 



