236 KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



7. Shales and sandstones with some lime- 

 stone ledges 250 feet. 



6. Rough limestone ledges and some inter- 

 calated shales 6 or 8 feet. 



5. Yellowish, green shale 3 feet, 



4. Rough limestone 14 feet. 



3. Black shale ,5 feet. 



2. The dimension rock 2 feet. 



1. Shales. 



No. 7 may be divided about as follows, beginning at the bottom, but the 

 thicknesses vary greatly within the limits from Lansing to the fort: 



a. Brick shale, and in places two beds of 



limestone 40 feet. 



b. Sandstone and sandy shale, and the 



yellow limestone 65 feet. 



c. Brick shale 20 feet. 



d. Sandstone 20 feet. 



e. Shales and sandstone with layer of lime- 



stone near the top, and thinner ones 



lower 100 feet. 



At the Soldiers' Home immediately above the No. 6 lies the shale out of 

 which the vitrified bricks are made. Its lowest pai'ts are blackish (carbon- 

 aceous). The middle is sandy laminated, the upper part is more marly clay 

 shale: that is, the brick shale is the lowest part of No. 7. It shows, lying in 

 the same position, on No. 6, north of the Riverside mine, and again north of 

 the Home mine, and again as far north as Kickapoo. Further south on 

 Island creek, sandstone rests directly on limestone which is perhaps No. 6. 

 The brick shale in other places will be referred to further on. Shale of a 

 very similar texture is seen in the bottom of the cut on the reserve, and 

 probably will be found at various levels from 40 to 100 feet above the lower 

 dimension rock, or at similar distances below the Pilot Knob rough lime- 

 stone. 



I have said that the rough limestone of Ryan's quarry appears on the bank 

 of the river near Fort Leavenworth, but there is a remarkable change be- 

 tween the two places. South of the sugar factory this limestone is many 

 feet above the railway track, and so shows itself from the Home mine to 

 Spruce and Olive streets. But from there northward it is no more seen on the 

 railway track till we reach the mouth of Two Mile creek. Under the 

 waterworks bank and further north there crop out shale with ledges of 

 flaggy sandstone. These ledges have a decided dip toward the south. Going 

 down to the water's edge at one spot there is sufficient freedom from debris 

 to see the outcrop of No. 4. The top of it is just 14 feet above the water at 

 the day I measured it, which was just at the time the ice was breaking up. 

 This would carry its base down into the water. North of the bridge its base 

 at the same time was several feet out of the water, and the black shale above 

 water level, so that it comes up more rapidly than the slope of the water 

 surface. There must be a great depression of strata northwest from Olive 

 street to the north limit of the city, which is changed about there to a 

 northerly rise. The absence of hard rock in the bluffs north of the depot is 

 accounted for by this, for the sandstone would more readily wear away, and 

 loess has filled in the lower levels. 



It is remarkable that in the Leavenworth Coal Company's mine there is a 

 decided change of dip some distance northeast of the shaft. It dips north- 

 erly by east at an angle of 13 degrees for over 400 feet, and then the conti- 



