332 



It has frequently been said that the ciliated funnel can not be a 

 sense organ, because it is not innervated by fibres from the ganglion. 

 I have before shown ^) that the ciliated funnel in many Salpse appa- 

 rently receives innervating fibres from the ganglion, though I was un- 

 able to conclusively demonstrate the point, for lack of fresh material. 

 To these observations I would now add this description of the con- 

 ditions in Boltenia Bolteni. 



The presence in Salpas and in Boltenia of nerve fibres running 

 to the ciliated funnel does not prove that this organ is sensory. It 

 does however make it possible that it may be so. There seems to 

 be no doubt that in many Ascidians, carefully studied by difierent 

 competent investigators, there is no innervation of the ciliated funnel. 

 In those species, then, the sensory nature of the funnel is apparently 

 precluded. Is it probable that in some species the funnel is sensory 

 and in others it is not ? It is well known that the cilia in the funnel 

 lash in such a way as to produce, at least at times, a current into 

 the funnel. Do not these relations suggest that we have been too 

 hasty in deciding that the funnel can not be a sense organ in any 

 species? I think we can say it may be sensory in Boltenia, the 

 Salpas, Pyrosoma and Doliolum; and that other forms should be 

 restudied with referance to this point. 



JB. On the gangliated Condition of certain Nerve Cords, and their 

 intimate Connection with Muscle Bundles. 



In the mantle of the intersiphonal region of Boltenia there is a 

 lattice-like arrangement of the muscle bundles, which shows very 

 beautifully in specimens from which the test has been removed. 

 Upon sectioning this part of the animal to study the neural gland, 

 I found that many of these muscle bundles, both longitudinal and 

 transverse, have nerves closely associated with them, and that among 

 the fibres of these nerves are scattered ganglion cells. As in the case 

 of the nerve to the ciliated funnel, these may be unipolar, bipolar, 

 tripolar or multipolar. I give a drawing of a portion of a cross 

 section of one such muscle bundle and its' nerve (Fig. 3). The muscle 

 fibres are seen to enclose the nerve almost as a sheath, and among 

 the fibres of the nerve are shown the ganglion cells. 



A somewhat similar connection between muscle bundles and 



1) The Eyes and Sub -neural Gland of Salpa, Section II. The 

 Innervation of the Ciliated Funnel. Memoirs from the Biological Labo- 

 ratory of the Johns Hopkins University, Vol. 2, 1893. 



