451 



into any vessel that, as a rule or exceptionally, receives a bronchial 

 vein. Such cases are as well known on the left side [Thane (2) and 

 Nebarro ^^3)] as on the right Avhere one or more true pulmonary 

 veins may open into the vena azygos major. In these cases the 

 appearance, due to the relative size of the vessels, is that the vena 

 azygos major opens into a pulmonary vein which in turn opens into 

 the vena cava superior. Sometimes a true right pulmonary vein opens 

 into the vena azygos major and through it into the right subclavian; 

 or the blood flow may pass down the azygos vein and may reach 

 the inferior caval or even the portal vein. 



Practically every possible variation in the course of these ab- 

 normal pulmonary (pulmonized bronchial) veins has been recorded 



I \ 



\ 



Fip. 2. Fig. 3. 



Fig. 2. Pliotogiaph of a specimen in wliich the vena azygos major passes 

 from the posterior thoracic wall to the superior vena cava suspended by a "mesentery" 

 of pleura which is attached along the line of the first rib. 



Fig. 3. View of a lung with two apices; from above. The medial apex, 

 '' Wrisberg's Lobe ", is marked off by the deep fissure which lodged the superior 

 vena cava and its pleural mesentery. 



since the days of Meckel (4), who appears to have been the first one to 

 record cases in which the pulmonary veins opened into the cava. Arnold 

 has the distinction of recording the most unlikely of the possible 

 variants, viz.: that in which a pulmonary vein opened into the portal. 

 [It is worthy of remark that in this case the spleen was missing (5).] 



29* 



