377 



the acusticum cephalad and that it is chiefly a center for cutaneous 

 nerves. It was shown further that the visceral sensory faciahs, glosso- 

 pharyngeus and vagus had their endings wholly in the "lobus vagi" 

 and had no relation to the cerebellum. There is a strict separation 

 between the centers for somatic sensory and visceral sensory nerves. 

 Edinger in the fifth edition of his "Vorlesungen" in 1896 admitted 

 direct sensory fibers to the cerebellum only in the case of the acusticus 

 (p. 87). On p. 83 he denies the existence of such fibers in the case 

 of the vagus and on p. 306—307 he denies such fibers altogether^ 

 saying: "Ich habe früher geglaubt, daß es sich um direkte Züge zu 

 den Nervenstämmen handelt. Neuerdings aber sind mir Zweifel ge- 

 kommen, da ich die Bahn mit voller Sicherheit doch nicht über die 

 Kerne der Nerven hinaus verfolgen kann. Vorsichtiger ist es jeden- 

 falls, das System heute noch als Tractus nucleo-cerebellaris Acustici 

 u. s. w. zu bezeichnen und nicht als direkte sensorische Kleinhirn- 

 bahu." In 1901 he states as the chief conclusion of his work "daß 

 das Kleinhirn der Selachier im wesentlichen nur Endstätte der direkten 

 sensorischen Bahn aus den Hirnnerven ist und daß alle anderen in 

 es eingehenden Fasern nur eine kleine räumliche Rolle spielen." This 

 is quite in agreement with the results of the above mentioned authors^ 

 but Edinger includes in his direct sensory tract to the cerebellum 

 the vagus and glossopharyngeus. He bases this on what he himself 

 states were very unsatisfactory degeneration preparations. It is cer- 

 tain that no fibers from the IX. or X. nerve enter the cerebellum in 

 Scyllium. The nerves enter the visceral lobes as compact bundles and 

 have endings in no more cephalic center whatever. The same is true 

 to the writer's certain knowledge in cyclostomes, ganoids and amphi- 

 bia, and is generally regarded as true in mammals. The cerebellum 

 is part of the sensory column for general and special cutaneous nerves 

 and has no direct relation whatever to the sensory nerves of the 

 viscera. The clear distinction between the somatic and visceral sen- 

 sory columns in the medulla oblongata Edinger fails to appreciate in 

 his remarks on "das sensible Wurzelfeld". He groups both columns 

 together as if they constituted one undifferentiated sensory root-field, 

 and makes an erroneous reference to Strong as having recognized 

 this area. In reality it was part of Strong's chief contribution that 

 he recognized two distinct sets of sensory root centers. The influence 

 of Edinger's statement that the cerebellum is the sensory center for 

 all the cranial nerves except VII, is in the direction of vagueness and 

 obscurity regarding the functional relations in the brain. His descrip- 

 tion of an arrangement of the bundles from X, IX, VIII and V ana- 



