468 



hereditary; although the movement is really imitated primarily from 

 birds and may arise educationally any time. 



The Anatomical Characters respond no doubt to the calls made 

 upon muscles to assume forms for purpose of carrying out certain acts, 

 acts, indeed, suggested by imitation perhaps at an very early age. 

 This power man possesses to a very high degree as the numerous 

 anatomical varieties show, and the question comes in : can these varie- 

 ties be transmitted, the question is unanswerable for obvious reasons, 

 and the question of the transmissions of other freaks or sudden 

 changes in bone muscle or tissus of a pronounced nature, is regarded 

 by Krause, Dwight and other Anatomists as not answered, although 

 there is really no reason why these should not take place! 



It seems that something may be gained by the examination of 

 soft part and skeleton in those who practise trades, and those w'ho 

 have descended from families who have pursued trades. 



The shoemaker whose face has or had some trade characters, 

 suggests as Louis Robinson has said impressions of the last, the wax 

 end and the lapstone, has had his sternum affected by the pressure of 

 the boot and last, added to the muscle tension used on sewing. The 

 skeletal characters do not end when the race ends, not necessarily, at 

 least, the status quo is not immediately restored and a depressed 

 sternum or modified sternum may be present in all the members of 

 a family, who have not begun to practise the craft. The sebaceous 

 glands also get large with large patent openings or swell with ac- 

 cumulated products. 



The tailor who has a peculiar walk and pose has formed a leg 

 character as the hair is apt to disappear from the outer surfaces of 

 the legs and pendulous skin flaps over the malleoli. So that scarcely 

 a trace of hair is to be seen on the legs of many old tailors, one can 

 examine families which have ceased to follow the hereditary craft, 

 and without being in any way influenced by imitation or external im- 

 pressures, these families have the characteristically smooth skin surfaces, 

 in other words the status quo is not always immediately reached. 



The trade mark of the carrier (shoulder carrier) viz the bursa 

 and the modified cuticle of those who work in iron are not so easily 

 traced for obvious reasons, but the absence of hair from the inner 

 side of the leg in jockeys is not difficult to observe although hard 

 to trace beyond the professional family. 



The observations of Arbuthnot Lane were recorded some years 

 ago, and the observations referred to above have been noted from time 

 to time by myself. 



