HISTORY OF ICHTHYOLOGICAL EXPLORATION IN PERU 21 
Corollary to the last-named objective, the field laboratories should undertake 
studies of life-histories, food-habits, ecology, parasites, etc., almost untouched 
phases of the subject, except for recent Brazilian efforts. 
In the highlands of Peru and Chile some new temperate-zone forms have been 
introduced. Chile has had considerable success with the European brown trout, 
even well down toward sea-level, in the South. 
« 
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1 > Wark. 
Fic. 9. Rio Loa, Chile, and bordering irrigated lands. At this point near 
Calama found to be devoid of fishes. Elevation about 7000 feet. 
For some years the Rainbow trout has been a member of the fauna of the upper 
Mantaro, introduced by the U. 8. Bureau of Fisheries and members of the Cerro 
de Pasco Company’s staff. The situation there has been modified further by the 
impounding of the waters of Lake Chinchayeocha. What biological effects this 
has had on that lake since my visit would be interesting to know. 
Proposals for the impounding of Lake Titicaca, raising or lowering it, have 
been made. To do so would greatly affect the biological constitution of it. Such 
an event may not transpire for many years, but that long-deferred thoroughgoing 
biological survey should be made. <A suggestion was made by Garman as long 
ago as 1875 that the lake be used for a large-scale experiment on the introduction 
of better economic species. Recently an effort has been made to do this, when two 
million whitefish eggs, and many thousands of lake trout eggs were sent for release 
there. They also, if successful, will materially alter the biology of the lake and 
its tributaries, even before a survey can be made of the original fauna, and life 
histories of Orestias species, ete. be determined under original conditions. 
