NARRATIVE OF THE EXPEDITIONS 3 
Lake Umayo, five leagues inland from Puno, is very rich in several species 
of Orestias. It abounds also in freshwater sponges, which form masses covering 
the roots of aquatic plants and exposed bowlders to a depth of one-fourth inch 
or more. Thanks to the hospitality of Sr. Francisco P. Valearcel I was able 
to obtain excellent collections there, and to visit the ruins of Silustani and 
Hatun-colla. ... 
Fic. 1. THE VAN OF THE FISHING-FLEET from Capachica 
arrives at Puno, Lake Titicaca. Laden with fish, fagots, taqui (dried 
dung), and scanty produce, the Indian farmer-fisherman-shepherd- 
sailor sails his grass-boat with the daily trade-winds. The winds 
blow here at this great elevation with much the same punctuality 
as at sea, enabling the inhabitants to arrive and depart on schedule. 
Lake Poop at 12000 feet elevation in the Bolivian highlands, is nearly 
unapproachable, hence... nearly total lack of native facilities. ...The lake 
shores are extremely flat. The fluctuations in level carry the shore line back 
and forth more than a mile from season to season. I was able to wade more 
than a mile out into the lake at its lower level before reaching water above the 
knees. In addition to the seasonal fluctuations there are changes in level of 
shorter periods, apparently diurnal. They are probably due to wind rather 
