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FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 
Names without symbols are places from which we have seen no specimens. 
In a few instances names are included although no specimens were obtained, when 
the regions named were vainly explored and it is certain fishes do not occur, such 
as Oruro. 
Acora: village inland from Chucuito, near L. Titicaca and Puno bay, on 
Camino Real, the ancient road from Bolivia (Upper Peru) and Puno to the capital 
city of Cuzco; a flat pampa country with poorly drained ditches; elevation 12600 
feet.* 
AGUACHINI: small river on the Via Central, emptying into the Pichis near 
Puerto Yessup; usually a clear mountain stream, fordable; during freshets must 
be ferried by raft.* 
AGuas CALIENTES: many warm or hot springs go by the name. In particular, 
(1) near sources of Rio Poopé, Bolivia,* inland from the village of Poopé; (2) 
warm, boggy springs in the La Raya pass,* and forming the source of the Rio 
Vileanota; others nearby on the other side of the pass, at the headwaters of streams 
forming the northern extremity of Titicaca basin. 
AMABLE MarIA: presumably an estate, on or about the middle course of Rio 
Tulumayo, eastern-central Peru. 
AMAZON, AMAZONS, AMAZONAS: (1) upper Maranon, Alto Maranon, Inter- 
cordilleran Maranon, from the source at some 16000 feet elevation on the knot 
uniting the western and central Cordilleras down to Lago Lauricocha and the gorge 
of the Maranon, bending abruptly eastward and escaping to the Amazonian plain 
at the Pongo de Manseriche (q.v.).*** Its largest tributary the Rio Santiago. 
(2) Alto Maranon; this name applied also to that portion of the river from 
the Pongo de Manseriche to the mouth of the Ucayali.* 
(3) Bajo Maranon; from the junction of the Alto Maranon with the Ucayali 
to the Brazilian border.* 
(4) Peruvian Amazon or Amazons; includes all three of the above sections.* 
(5) Solimodes; from the Peruvian border to the mouth of the Rio Negro (others 
say the mouth of the nearby Rio Madeira). The Brazilians insist that the Amazon 
as such heads at this point, although it continues in a very direct line for some 1500 
miles further upstream.*** 
(6) Amazon; lower Amazon, bajo Amazon; from the mouth of the Rio Negro 
to the sea, in the Brazilian sense. In the broader sense, all the four sections 
named above.*** 
The northern Peruvians claim the name for the entire river. 
The southern Peruvians hold out for a nomenclature which would establish 
the sources of the Amazon at the head of the Rio Apurimac in southwestern Peru, 
since it, together with the Ucayali, constitutes the longest course. 
Apo: village on western bank of the upper Huallaga, some fifteen miles 
above Hudnuco, and at the junction of the Rio Huacar (Yanahuanca). Marks 
the most elevated point where fishes were obtained on the Huallaga, at near 7000 
feet elevation.* 
Ampyiacu, Rro: small, lowland stream entering the Peruvian Amazon from 
