90 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 
submarginal band from the second ray back; irregular cross-bars on the caudal 
becoming more intense backward; anal speckled, with the black cross-band in 
front; ventrals speckled; pectorals speckled, with a dark band across its middle. 
Genus 6: ZUNGARO Bleeker 
Zungaro Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 101, zuwngaro; 
Kigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, II, 384. 
Pseudopimelodus Eigenmann and Eigenmann (part), 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 112. 
Type: Pimelodus zungaro Humboldt 
La Plata and upper Amazon basins 
Restricting Pseudopimelodus to the raninus-group of species, and retaining 
Bleeker’s genus Zungaro, 1t may be characterized as having an intermanxillary band 
of teeth with a backward-projecting angle; the eye small and anterior; dorsal and 
pectoral spines short with thick cord of skin covering and prolonging them. Head 
as wide as long, frontal very narrow, occipital process short and notched at the tip 
for the reception of the much longer dorsal plate. 
13. ZUNGARO ZUNGARO (Humboldt) 
Pimelodus zungaro Humboldt, 1833, Obs. Zool., II, 170, pl. xlvi, fig. 1, Marafion; 
Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss, XV, 160. 
Zungaro zungaro Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 101; 
Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 384. 
Pseudopimelodus zungaro Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sei., (2), I, 122; 
Jigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sei, I, 112. 
Pimelodus bufonius Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XV, 155; 
Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., XVII, 675, Peruvian Amazon. 
Throughout upper Amazon and La Plata 
Popularly known throughout Loreto as the zungaro. Other large Pimelodinae 
given the same name, sometimes qualified by such an adjective as blanco or negro. 
Often seen, but not collected, mostly by reason of the size and attendant difficulty 
of preservation. 
Genus 7: PSEUDOPIMELODUS Bleeker 
Pseudopimelodus Bleeker, 1858, Ichth. Arch. Ind. Siluri, 196, sp.; 
Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, bufontus = zungaro; 
Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 108. 
Type: Pimelodus raninus Cuvier and Valenciennes 
Rio Magdalena everywhere to Rio de La Plata 
Head rather broad and not produced; teeth well developed, vomer edentulous; 
head covered by skin, neither plated nor granulated; eye beneath skin, without 
free orbital margin; intermaxillary teeth without angle projecting backward; adi- 
pose fin short; barbels terete. 
