148 FISHES OF WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA 
Marcoy describes the procedure of fishing for the kandiroo with “turtle shells having 
a little flesh adhering... the fish getting as fat as a goldfish in a globe... the ex- 
cess fish being fed to the poultry.” 
Subfamily: CETOPSINAE 
Dorsal fin entirely forward of the ventrals; vomer with a single series of teeth; 
head compressed; anterior nares almost labial in position; eye almost entirely 
concealed under the skin; a single maxillary barbel; two pairs of mentals; opercle 
unarmed, and gill-membrane broadly united with the isthmus. 
Genus 52: HEMICETOPSIS Bleeker 
Cetopsis Agassiz, 1829, Sel. Gen. et Spec. Pisce. Bras., 11, sp. 
Hemicetopsis Bleeker, 1862, Versl. Akad. Amst., XIV, 403; 
Bleeker, 1863, Nederl. Tijdsch. Dierk., I, 111; 
Eigenmann and Bean, 1907, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., XXXI, 664; 
Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 398; 
Eigenmann, 1912, Mem. Carnegie Mus., V, 210. 
Cetopsis (Hemicetopsis) Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 318. 
Type: Silurus candiru Spix 
Amazons and Guianas 
Dorsal fin forward of the vertical from the ventrals; teeth conical, vomerines 
in a single series. 
106. HEMICETOPSIS CANDIRU (Spix) 
Silurus candiru Spix, 1829, Sel. Gen. et Spec. Pisce. Bras., pl. x, fig. 1. 
Cetopsis candiru Agassiz, 1829, Sel. Gen. et Spec. Pisce. Bras., 13; 
Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890, Occ. Papers Cal. Acad. Sci., I, 319; 
Pearson, 1924, Ind. Univ. Studies, XI, no. 64, 16, Rurrenabaque, Bolivia, a specimen of 
242 mm. 
Cetopsis candira Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIV, 386; 
Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 199; 
Cope, 1878, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc., X VII, 678, Peruvian Amazon; 
Steindachner, 1882 (1883), Denksch. KKK. Akad. Wiss. Wien, XLVI, 5, Rio Huallaga, five 
specimens, 190-280 mm.; 
Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (2), I, 157. 
Hemicetopsis candirw Bleeker, 1862, Versl. Akad. Amst., XIV, 403; 
Eigenmann and Bean, 1907, Proce. U.S. Nat. Mus., XX XI, 664; 
Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, ITI, 398; 
Fowler, 1939 (1940), Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., XCI, 232, two, Contamana. 
Rios Ucayali and Huallaga down the Amazon, to Bolivia 
15801, 15, 118-174 mm., Rio Ucayali, Nueva Ytalia, near Cashiboya, Allen, August, 1920. 
15814, 1, 1387 mm., Bretana, Rio Puinagua, Allen, September, 1920. 
When taken, subcylindrical, and turgid with blood and offal. Specimens there- 
fore much shrunken and wrinkled in alcohol. A favorite haunt of this species 
