ANNOTATED LIST OF THE SPECIES 279 
Genus 146: LEBIASINA Cuvier and Valenciennes 
Lebiasina Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1846, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XIX, 531; 
Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 439; 
Eigenmann, 1922, Mem. Carnegie Mus., LX, 123. 
Type: Lebiasina bimaculata Cuvier and Valenciennes 
Western slopes of Ecuador and Peru 
Insufficiently separable from Piabucina on the usual lack of an adipose fin; 
air bladder with cellular anterior wall; fontanels absent. 
368. LEBIASINA BIMACULATA Cuvier and Valenciennes 
Lediasina bimaculata Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1846, Hist. Nat. Poiss., XTX, 531, pl. 587, Rio Rimac; 
Eigenmann, 1910, Rept. Princeton Univ. Exped. Patagonia, III, 439; 
Eigenmann, 1922, Mem. Carnegie Mus., IX, 123; 
Higenmann, 1923, Sci., LVIII, no. 1513, 532; 
Pearson, 1937a, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., (4), XXIII, 89. 
Distribution that of the genus 
Fishes primarily of the Pacific slopes of Ecuador and Peru. Pearson collected 
sixty-six specimens in the Rio Crisnejas, tributary of the upper Maranon, at Paipay. 
Very plausibly he accounts for this unique occurrence on the Atlantic slope as a case 
of transportation by human agency, possibly in recent times. In support of this 
explanation Pearson calls attention to the hardy nature of the species, and to the 
existence of pools of the pre-Conquest period in the region of Cajamarca which 
suggest fish-culture to him rather than irrigation or water-supply. 
Recently L. bimaculata has been introduced into other new localities as one of 
the species most readily adapted to the haunts of the yellow-fever mosquito. It 
is fitted to act as sanitary police by its ready acceptance of mosquito larvae, and 
its hardihood under exacting conditions. Since it is so hardy, and was so con- 
venient to Lima, it has been used as an aquarium-fish in that city for an unknown 
length of time. 
Subfamily: HRYTHRININAE 
At times regarded as among the most advanced of the Characins, by Gregory 
(1933) assigned to a rank among the more primitive derivatives of the Cheiro- 
dontinae, due to its superficial amioid characters; again advanced to a more exalted 
position intermediate on the phyletic scale as the result of the studies of Gregory 
and Conrad (1988, p. 343), who have shown that the external Amda-like structures 
are underlain by more specialized, deep-seated ones. 
Genus 147: HOPLIAS Gill 
Macrodon Miller, 1843, Arch. Naturg., 163, preoccupied; 
Giinther, 1864, Cat. Fish. Brit. Mus., V, 282. 
