No. I.] OBSERVATIONS ON" THE GUSTATORY ORGANS. yj 



The fungiform papillae appear to be of the usual type, and 

 bear single bulbs at their upper part as in Sciiiriis carolmensis 

 and 5. Jmdsonius. The bulb lies vertically, directly in the long 

 axis of the papilla, with its apex penetrating the outer layers of 

 epithelium. They are uniformly smaller than those of the gus- 

 tatory areas just considered, measuring 0.030 mm. in length and 

 0.018 mm. in breadth. I think there can be but little doubt of 

 the presence of bulbs in the epiglottis. My material was not in 

 good condition for thorough examination, but I am reasonably 

 certain that I detected them. Further investigation, however, 

 will be necessary to confirm this. 



The Tongue of Manatiis latirosiris. 



General Description. — The tongue (that of a young indi- 

 vidual) is 100 mm. long, of uniform breadth, and very thick. 

 Anteriorly it is very much tied down, there being only about 

 10 mm. of free portion. The fore part of the dorsum is covered 

 with an excessive development of long, delicate filiform papillae. 

 The circumvallate papillae^ measure from 0.60 to i mm. in 

 diameter, and from 0.40 to 0.60 mm. in height. They are more 

 or less flattened on top, and the trenches are not always com- 

 plete. Glands (probably serous) are present beneath the papillae. 

 No regular arrangement of the bulbs was observed. They occur 

 on the free surface of the papillae, as well as on the lateral area, 

 and are quite small, averaging only 0.04 mm. in length and 

 0.018 mm. in breadth. Here again fresh material will be neces- 

 sary for a complete study of the gustatory structures. 



The Tongue of Alces macJilis. 



Gefteral Description. — The organ measures 260 mm. in 

 length, 56 mm. in breadth, and is free from the fraenum for 

 70 mm. Papillae of the fungiform type are not abundant. The 

 relatively small circumvallate papillae are grouped in two main 

 portions, on each side of the median line, at the posterior part 



1 According to Owen, Comp. Anai. and Phys. of Verts., Vol. III., p. 195 (li 

 the fossulate papillae are numerous, extending on each side the dorsum from the 

 anterior third to near the base of the tongue. I examined a great number of these 

 papilliform elevations, but failed to find among them one true fossulate or circumval- 

 ate papilla. 



