No. I.] OBSERVATIONS ON THE GUSTATORY ORGANS. ^q 



a fringe consisting of simple or compound filiform papillae, the 

 apices of which are directed upwards and backwards. The 

 fringe terminates anteriorly at a point opposite the fraenum. 

 No lateral gustatory structures were observed. 



GUSTATORY STRUCTURES. 



The Circiinivallate PapillcB. — The papillae (a few of which 

 are lobate) are flattened or slightly rounded on top, and their 

 sides are vertical or nearly so. They are quite uniform in size, 

 and measure 0.90 mm. transversely and 0.80 mm. in height. 

 Serous glands are fairly plentiful, and their ducts discharge 

 into the trenches at their deeper part. The arrangement and 

 distribution of the gland-ducts is very regular and uniform, as 

 may be seen from sections through the extreme basal portion of 

 a papilla. A horizontal section made in this region divides the 

 ducts transversely near their outlet, and shows them, usually 

 twelve or thirteen in number, arranged in a ring. The taste- 

 bulbs are disposed in several tiers, but the number varies greatly 

 in different papillae, some of them being crowded with bulbs, 

 whilst others bear comparatively few. The average number of 

 tiers is from ten to twelve, there being some sixty bulbs in a 

 tier. They measure 0.063 n^^i''- in length and 0.033 n^^""- i^i 

 breadth. 



The organ exhibits the intermediate or transitional forms of 

 papillae, so frequent a feature of the ruminant tongue. 



Some of the papillae are primitive in character, being deeply 

 sunk and greatly sheltered by the converging walls of the 

 trench. These simple ridges (for such they appear) bear 

 bulbs over their entire convexity. The bulbs of the fungi- 

 -form papillae are rather small. The papillae themselves are 

 normal. 



The Tongue of Cariacus toltccns. 



General Description. — The tongue is long and narrow, and 

 measures 162 mm. in length. The width, which is quite uni- 

 form from the base to the tip, is 28 mm. Anteriorly it is free 

 from the floor of the mouth for 56 mm. The posterior part of 

 the organ is somewhat raised, and bears a trace of a median 

 groove and is coarsely papillate. The extreme posterior region, 



