No. I.] OBSERVATIONS ON THE GUSTATORY ORGANS. 8 1 



the dorsum and are perhaps most numerous just above the line 

 formed by the junction of the upper and lower lingual surfaces. 

 On the raised or thickened posterior part of the organ there are 

 eighteen circumvallate papillae, arranged in two lines converging 

 posteriorly. I could detect no trace of lateral gustatory struct- 

 ures. 



GUSTATORV STRUCTURES. 



The Circumvallate Papillce. — The papillae are flattened on 

 top, and their sides incline downwards and slightly inwards. 

 They measure from 1.50 to 2 mm. transversely and are 1.40 mm. 

 in height. Serous glands are not abundant. Their ducts open 

 at the usual places. The exact number of tiers (not very great 

 probably) I was unable to determine ; but there appear to be 

 in some tiers upwards of one hundred bulbs. They measure 

 0.069 "^"^- in length and 0.035 rn^n- iri breadth. The bulbs of 

 the fungiform papillae are placed as usual. 



The Tongue of Bibos indicns. 



General Description. — The free part is 100 mm. long, the 

 total length of the organ being 265 mm. The tip is rounded, 

 the under surface slightly wrinkled transversely, but unmarked 

 by longitudinal ridge or grooves. The anterior dorsal surface 

 is beset with retroverted cornified papillae as in B. americanns 

 and other Ruminantia. The fungiform papillae are very promi- 

 nent, and project so as to be readily felt when the dorsum is 

 stroked. They are most abundant about the tip, thickly stud- 

 ding its margin and under part {the junction of the surface 

 being beneath the tip). The circumvallate papillae are grouped 

 near the lateral borders of the thickened posterior part of the 

 tongue, there being from seventeen to nineteen on a side includ- 

 ing transitional forms. The lateral organs and marginal fringe 

 were both wanting. 



GUSTATORY STRUCTURES. 



The Circumvallate Papilla. — The summits of these papillae 

 are flattened and expanded, while their bases are more or less 

 constricted. Their sides are at first vertical, and then incline 

 rather abruptly inwards. They measure 1.75 mm. transversely, 



