82 TUCKERMAN. [Vol. VII. 



and are i.io mm. in height. The epithelium covering the 

 upper surface is much thicker than that investing the lateral 

 area, and at their upper part they bear many long, slender, 

 secondary papillae. Serous glands are not abundant, the ducts 

 opening into the trenches, mostly at their deeper part. Bulbs 

 occur at all parts of the lateral area. There are from ten to 

 twenty tiers and some eighty or ninety bulbs in a well-filled 

 tier. The bulbs measure 0.069 "^n"'- ^^ length and 0.036 mm. 

 in breadth. The fungiform papillae are very conspicuous, as 

 already stated, and the larger ones are i mm. in height. The 

 bulbs are plentiful, but of small size. In one papilla (probably 

 in a transitional stage) I counted seventy-five bulbs embedded 

 in the epithelium of the summit. 



The Tongue of Ursiis americamis . 



General Description. — In general appearance the tongue re- 

 sembles that in Canis and Vnlpes. The organ is long, and, from 

 the base to the fraenum, very thick. It measures 160 mm. in 

 length, the breadth, which is nearly uniform, is 40 mm., and it 

 is free from the floor of the mouth for 46 mm. The dorsum is 

 impressed anteriorly by a well-marked mesial groove, which 

 passes through the edge of the broad flattened tip. The under 

 surface is smooth and ungrooved, and short, coarse, papillary 

 processes project from the surface at the posterior end of the 

 dorsum. The fungiform papillae are very numerous, and re- 

 semble minute white beads. At the lateral margins, where they 

 form a line, many have undergone structural modification, and 

 probably here their function is wholly tactile. The circumval- 

 late papillae, twenty in number, are arranged in the form of a 

 semicircle, the convexity of which looks towards the epiglottis. 

 Quite frequently two, and occasionally even three, papillae share 

 an enclosing wall in common. The lateral organs of taste are 

 at the junction of the papillate and non-papillate surfaces, at a 

 point opposite the semicircle of circumvallate papillae. 



GUSTATORY STRUCTURES. 



The Circumvallate Papillce. — The papillae are frequently lo- 

 bate. The summits project but a trifle, and all are slightly 

 pitted or fissured at the centre. The larger ones are 2 mm. 



