I04 HODGE. [Vol. VII. 



and, in addition to this, Ogata (60, p. 432) observed them in 

 the act of passing out of the nucleus. Platner (64) does not 

 confirm Ogata's observations ; finding instead frequent cases 

 of nuclear budding (Kernsprossung) after good feeding. His 

 method, however, being so different from that of Ogata, renders 

 minute comparison of results impossible. 



An additional point of interest in pancreas secretion is made 

 by Oppel (61) ; viz. that the nucleus from being clear and retic- 

 ular in the resting condition shrinks and comes to take a 

 dense homogeneous stain after secretion. Other changes in the 

 cells are like those already described. 



Van GehiJchten (14, 15), on the other hand, is strongly opposed 

 to the view that the nucleus suffers any change during secre- 

 tion. In case of the digestive cells of Ptychoptera larva, which 

 he studied, it is in fact often thrown out with the secretion. In 

 this case the cell dies, so that he concludes that the nucleus is 

 essential to cell life, but not to secretion. How the cells are 

 renewed is not observed ; but nothing like cell-division is pres- 

 ent. It is a little strange that, while Van Gehiichten argues 

 against any change in the nucleus, he figures, side by side, in 

 apparently similar cells, nuclei of most diverse sizes, some nuclei 

 being easily twice the diameter of others. 



Something similar takes place in mammary glands ; but here 

 the nuclei actively divide, and a part passes out into the secre- 

 tion. No exact measurements exist, to my knowledge, but 

 reference to the figures usually given i^y, p. 723 ; 39, p. 391 ; 

 21, p. 383) reveals the fact that the nuclei are out of all pro- 

 portion larger in the active than in the resting gland. Here, 

 then, would seem to be found a correlation between size of 

 nucleus and secreting activity of cell. If these nuclei did not 

 increase in size, Van Gehiichten's statement, that nuclei have 

 nothing to do with secretion, might have a more general applica- 

 tion. The secreting cells in case of mammary glands show also 

 great variations in amount and constitution of protoplasmic con- 

 tents during the different phases of rest and activity. 



For the cells of the liver both Heidenhain (21, p. 222) and 

 Langley (35) describe a marked set of changes in the pro- 

 toplasm, similar in the main to the changes in other glands. 

 Heidenhain (21, p. 224) says that the nucleus is variable in 

 appearance, but does not go into detail. 



