114 HODGE. [Vol. VII. 



formed by the nucleus, under normal circumstances, once for 

 all (muscle, connective tissue, etc.), or it may be unstable and 

 be formed continuously as used up (gland). In the former case, 

 nuclei take a subordinate place in the tissue after the mechanism 

 is built. In the latter case, the nuclei retain a prominent posi- 

 tion throughout the life of the tissue. Granules have been 

 observed (Ogata) streaming out of the nucleus into the cell- 

 protoplasm, and while the many may not have applied methods 

 suitable for demonstrating this, nothing Jias been seen which 

 renders the fact improbable. For an instructive discussion of 

 this most vital of all points, I cannot do better than refer 

 the reader to De Vries' (lo, pp. 180-187) intracellulare Pange- 

 nesis. He will there find discussed the views of Haeckel and 

 the Hertwigs, Flemming and Strasburger, Tangle, Haberlandt, 

 Korschelt, Pringsheim, Schmitz, Nussbaum, Gruber, Hanstein, 

 Weisman, Klebs, and others, all of whom bring here a point 

 and there a point to prove that out of the nucleus comes every- 

 thing of structural significance in the protoplasm. Read also 

 Altmann, Elementarorganis^nen (2), and Die Striictiir des Zell- 

 kerns (3). 



3. In no cells are nuclei more prominent than in ganglion 

 cells. Changes have been observed (Svierczewski and Freud) 

 within the nuclei of nerve cells, and, possibly, differences in 

 staining. Granulation also forms a characteristic feature of 

 ganglion cells. This resembles in appearance the unstable 

 mechanism of gland cells. If this outward resemblance is real, 

 we shall find changes in granulation also. 



IV. Effects of Electrical Stimulation. 

 Method. 



Throughout this series of experiments, the spinal root ganglia 

 were used. The scheme of procedure was to stimulate a nerve 

 going to one or more of these ganglia on one side of the animal, 

 leaving the corresponding ganglia of the other side at rest, to 

 use as control. To avoid confusion, the right side was used for 

 stimulation, the left for control. The stimulated nerve was 

 never divided, so that the contraction of its muscles could be 

 used to indicate the healthy condition of the nerve. If a nerve 



