298 Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



root, which has, moreover, its own gangUa farther cephalad. 

 16. 11 le Trapezius Muscle. 



In view of the discovery of a true trapezius muscle in 

 Menidia ('99, Section 5, IX), innervated from the vagus, I have 

 examined the corresponding region in Gadus. Here I confirm the 

 conclusion of Vetter ('78, pp. 526 and 541) that a true trapezius 

 muscle is absent. The muscle running from the cranium to 

 the pectoral girdle in Gadus is innervated from the spinals and 

 not from the vagus. It therefore is merely a detached portion 

 of the general dorsal musculature, 



ly. The Nerves for the Phatyngo-claviculmis Muscles. 



In the case of these muscles too my findings in Menidia 

 were at variance with those of some other observations, and I 

 have examined the condition in Gadus. The internal and ex- 

 ternal pharyngo-claviculares are arranged essentially as in Me- 

 nidia and the innervation is also the same. That is, these two 

 muscles in Gadus are supplied by nerves arising from the 

 CESophageal rami of the vagus. The r. cervicalis of the first 

 spinal nerve runs along the inner side of both of them, but 

 does not participate in their innervation. The morphological 

 significance of this feature of the nervous system of the tele- 

 osts has been touched upon in my previous contribution ('99, 

 Section 5, VII, 5, v). 



III. Comparative Part. 



The reader who will compare the nerves of Gadus as 

 worked out by Cole (for the lateral line system) and myself (for 

 the other systems) with my findings in the nervous system of 

 Menidia cannot fail to be struck with the very close similarity. 

 In fact the differences of real morphological importance are 

 very few indeed. Chief of these is the absence in Gadus of a 

 communis component in the truncus hyomandibularis i. e. the 

 r. mandibularis internus VII, and in correlation with this the 

 presence of such fibers in the r. mandibularis V 



The explanation of this condition is not easy. It is, how- 

 ever, probably to be sought in the presence in Gadus and not 



