Herrick, Cranial Noves of the Cod Fish. 299 



in Menidia of a mental barblet bearing terminal buds. The 

 presence of this barblet and its nerve in Gadus also cooperates 

 with the larger size of the r. recurrens VII to account for the 

 larger fasciculus communis as compared with that of Menidia. 



Another difference of importance is in the arrangement of 

 the roots of the r. lateralis accessorius. In both cases this nerve 

 is composed wholly or nearly so in its cranial portion of com- 

 munis fibers derived chiefly from the geniculate ganglion, but 

 partially from post-otic communis roots. The smaller root in 

 Menidia I think comes from the IX; in Gadus it comes from a 

 mixed IX + X root. The post-auditory root joins the pre-audi- 

 tory intra-cranially in Gadus and extra-cranially in Menidia. 

 Some reflections upon these connections have been offered in 

 my previous contribution ('99, Sec. 12). 



Again, the pre-auditory sympathetic is in a much more 

 highly differentiated condition in Gadus than in Menidia, the 

 first three ganglia having fused into one, which is chiefly extra- 

 cranial and associated most closely with the roots of the facial 

 nerve. The ciliary ganglion appears to have but one root and 

 in other respects the sympathetic nerves of the orbital region 

 are highly specialized. 



The absence of the trapezius muscle with, the correspond- 

 ing motor branch of the vagus in Gadus is another noteworthy 

 difference which is difficult of explanation. 



Most of the other differences are correlated with the more 

 elaborate development in Gadus of the specialized cutaneous 

 sense organs, viz., the lateral line organs (including the pit- 

 lines) and the terminal buds. The so-called pit-organs, it should 

 be noted, in the young cod fish which I have examined micro- 

 scopically are not contained in pits, but, as in the adult Men- 

 idia, are strictly naked sensory papillse, usually projecting 

 slightly above the surrounding skin. A brief comparison be- 

 tween them and the terminal buds is given near the close of 

 Section 12 in the preceding part of this article. 



The discrepancies between Cole's results and my own, to 

 which reference has already been made, refer almost wholly to 

 the relations of the geniculate ganglion and its related structures, 



