Herrick, Cranial Nerves of the Cod Fish. 301 



proper" of Cole, viz., the palatine, pre-spiracular VII, Jacob- 

 son's anastomosis, etc., arise from this extra-cranial sympathetic 

 ganglion? Cole's explanation is that his "facial" ganglion 

 represents a portion of the trigemino- facial complex which is 

 " in the act of migrating from its original position and becom- 

 ing converted into a typical sympathetic ganglion." The fact 

 is, however, that none of the nerves mentioned above, except 

 the sympathetic trunk, have any real connection with this gan- 

 glion, but, as we have seen, they pass either through or around 

 it to enter the true facial, or geniculate ganglion intra-cranially. 

 Thty appear to arise from it merely because of the way the 

 sympathetic ganglion is crowded up into the foramen among 

 these roots. 



A glance at my figures 6 and 7 and the accompanying 

 description will show how easily such a mistake could arise, 

 especially if the sections were not exceptionally well preserved 

 and differentially stained. It would be a matter of the most 

 extreme difficulty to analyze this complex with other than the 

 best Weigert sections ; nevertheless, given such preparations, I 

 think that the facts can be ascertained with precision. In Gadus, 

 then, as in Menidia, I find the sympathetic and geniculate gan- 

 glia both present and clearly separate. 



Cf. paragraph 3) of Cole's "Notes," immediately following this article. 

 Without desiring to continue this controversy, I feel that a word of further 

 explanation is necessary in this connection. I freely admit that my preparations 

 do not demonstrate that no fibers from the sympathetic ganglion enter the com- 

 munis nerves in question. In fact there is every reason to suppose that some 

 such sympathetic fibers do go out with these nerves. A sympathetic ganglion 

 in Menidia (and most other teleosts) is typically placed on the root of each of 

 the cranial nerves of the branchial type and in several of these I have seen 

 large bundles of fibers leave these sympathetic ganglia and enter the peripheral 

 nerves on whose roots they are placed. Compare Fig. 3, sy. i, sy. 2, sy. j, of 

 the Menidia paper. 



I am, however, convinced that such fibers, if present, are true sympathetic, 

 and not facial fibers, for two reasons: (i) by analogy with other vertebrates 

 where the geniculate and the sympathetic ganglia are more clearly separable 

 and where these nerves have always been described as arising from the facialis; 

 (2) because in Gadus the undoubted facial root is of sufficient size to form these 

 nerves without the aid of hypothetical " facial " fibers ffopi the sympathetic 

 ganglion. 



