302 Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



Finally, I think that there arc mechanical necessities, at least in fish 

 of the age which I have examined, which explain fully the anomalous 

 position of this sympathetic ganglion in Gadus. The infra-orbital and 

 hyomandibular trunks pass out through a single foramen, in which all of 

 the contained structures are very much crowded (cf. Fig. 6). The sym- 

 pathetic chain enters the cranium through the same foramen, and since this is 

 the sympathetic root ganglion for both the VII and the V nerves it lies partly 

 within and partly without the foramen. This being understood, its intimate 

 relation with the emerging communis branches of the facialis (which also, as in 

 Menidia, pass out in the same space between the hyomandibular and infra- 

 orbital trunks) follows of necessity. 



Now, when it comes to the identification of the branches 

 which Cole describes on p. 135 as arising from his "facial" 

 ganglion, I have experienced greater difficulty, nor am I certain 

 that the comparisons which follow are free from error. 



His ventral part of the hyomandibular trunk, or "facial 

 proper" evidently corresponds to the communis fibers which I 

 have described and figured as arising from the ccphalo-ventral 

 angle of the geniculate ganglion. Cole says, "The first branch 

 to be given off from these fibers passes through tlie inner region 

 of the facial ganglion, turning inwards, downwards and for- 

 wards, and passing among the muscles of the alimentary canal." 

 The second branch "passes almost through the middle of the 

 ganglion and courses forwards external to the previous branch." 

 "The third and largest branch passes obliquely through the 

 center of the ganglion, turns inwards, and then divides to form 

 two large nerves — one of which passes forwards and the other 

 backwards. The forward division again divides, and represents 

 the true palatine branch of the facial nerve and its two divisions, 

 the anterior and posterior palatine nerves described by All is 

 in Amia. The posterior division passes backwards and slightly 

 outwards and accompanies the cephalic sympathetic trunk, but 

 has otherwise no connection with it." The last is Jacobson's 

 anastomosis. The identification of it and of the true palatine 

 and posterior palatine offer no difficulties here, the posterior 

 palatine being the nerve which I have called the r. pre tremat- 

 icus VII. But I have not been able to satisfy myself regard- 

 ing the identity of the first and second branches of Cole's de- 

 scription. They may be the nerves for the m. adductor hyo- 



