Herrick, Crmiial Nen'es of the Cod Fish. 305 



and not from the Gasserian. Stannius, however, on p. 32 and 

 elsewhere clearly states that the r. recurrens, the dorsal intra- 

 cranial branches, etc., arise from the ganglion of his third root 

 in connection with the r. palatinus and the other rami of this 

 system. It is significant, however, that in the list of species 

 of fishes exhibiting this arrangement which Stannius gives Ga- 

 dus is absent, though we know that Stannius dissected several 

 species of this genus. This is another illustration of the diffi- 

 culty of separating the geniculate from the Gasserian ganglion 

 in this type. They are, in fact, so similar and so close together 

 that I doubt whether I should have been any more successful 

 than Stannius and Cole if I had not had before me the case of 

 Menidia, where error would be impossible. 



Cole, moreover, does not deduce from the literature the 

 same conclusions as my own in this connection. Thus, on p. 

 169, in discussing Baudelot's account he seems to confuse the 

 anastomosis between the r. opercularis vagi and the r. opercu- 

 laris facialis with the connection between the vagal and facial 

 roots of the r. lateralis accessorius. There can be no doubt 

 from the descriptions of Baudelot and others that the r. oper- 

 cularis vagi (general cutaneous fibers) is in many cyprinoids 

 intimately related to the vagal roots of the r. lateralis accessor- 

 ius (communis fibers), but they must not be confounded. Com- 

 pare the discussion of the rami cutanei dorsales vagi in my 

 Menidia paper, section 5, VIII. 



Again, in discussing (p. 174) the results of Haller ('96) he 

 says, ' ' Haller carefully redescribcs the origin of Weber's acces- 

 sorius (=accessory lateral in part) in Cyprimts carpio, where the 

 accessorius is found in a very interesting, and perhaps primitive, 

 condition. An anterior root (Taf ii, figs. 7 and 8 a [it should 

 be figs. 8 and 9]) is formed by the union of two twigs from the 

 Gasserian ganglion, one frojn each side, and two twigs from the 

 facial ganglion. This root passes backwards and anastomoses with 

 the fused ' ventral roots of the vagus, (Gegenbaur), or what is 

 usually identified as the Ichthyopsid * hypoglossal. ' From the 

 ganglion of the latter close to the entry of the root above, 

 arises one of the roots of the accessory lateral system, which 



