372 Journal of Comparative Neurology. 



adult German. The Chinese brain had a cortex and medullary 

 center which measured about the same as the German. Its 

 lower stage of development was indicated by the fact that the 

 11 and III Meynert layer was not so well developed as in the 

 German, while the outer association layer was fully as well 

 developed or ^et^ter.* The same statement holds true of the 

 of the Hindu bpin. The under-development of the II and III 

 Meynert layer,; and the advanced development of the outer 

 association layer, Kaes regards as very significant, because it is 

 the II and III Meynert layer which develops late in life and is 

 characteristic of the higher stages, while the outer association 

 layer is more primitive. In general the statement would hold 

 good that the Hindu and Chinese brains are most like the Ger- 

 man in the poorly developed regions, and less like them in the 

 more advanced regions,^ but the gyrus fornicatus presents a 

 marked exception to this rule. In the German brains the gyrus 

 fornicatus is the least developed region. It has not reached the 

 stage at which the Baillarger layer appears. In the Asiatic 

 brains, a well developed system of primary fibers is present in 

 the gyrus fornicatus.^ Kaes correlates this difference in cortical 

 structure with the fact that taste and smell which have their 

 center in the gyrus fornicatus, are used less by Europeans than 

 by Asiatics, and are less differentiated. The abnormal brains, 

 the twenty-five year dwarf and the microcephalic child each 

 had a cortex in an incomplete stage of meduUation. That of 

 the dwarf was little beyond that of the i % year child.* That 

 of the microcephalic child was still less developed than that of 

 the child. ^ Both the abnormal brains are to be regarded as 

 cases of inhibition in the growth process. 



The foregoing account pretends to be but a bare outline of 

 the most important of Kaes' results, presented as far as possi- 



1 6, pp. 14-1*1?'^'' 

 * 6, p. lo. 

 » 6, p. ie-13. 

 *il, p. 5, p. 9. 

 'II, p. 9. 



