The Morphology of Cosmobia 359 



2. A normal individual. 



3. Cases in which the entire individual, or the part involved, is 



more than one individual and less than two. 



4. Separate duplicate twins, both normal. 



5. (a). Separate duplicate twins, one of them a diplopage. 



(6), Cases involving a single part, in value between two and 

 three components. 



6. Separate duplicate triplets. 



Beyond this lie the possibilities of identical quadruplets or even higher 

 numbers, with a tendency to a farther partial duplication on the part 

 of one or more of them, thus continuing the series almost indefinitely. 



This idea may be best explained by taking the details of a given organ 

 in an actual series, such a one, for example, as is furnished by the eye- 

 components in a series that includes the various degrees of cyclopy, 

 diprosopy, and normal beings (Fig. 1). In this we may begin with 

 the most reduced type of Cyclops, and find, externally, a mere palpebral 

 slit, symmetrical in outline and with, perhaps, a double set of lacrimal 

 punctae. This may be followed by cases in which the palpebral opening 

 becomes gradually larger and the median doiable eye-ball more and more 

 visible. Beyond this the progressive stages are shown by changes upon 

 the eye-ball itself, which becomes continually more visible through an 

 increased palpebral opening; first, a double pupil in an oval iris, two 

 distinct pupils on a figure-8 iris, a double iris on a single sclera, 

 two distinct irides, and finally an eye-ball which is plainly double. 

 (Stages I-V.) In all of these cases the nose, which is prevented from 

 coming down in the usual manner through a downward growth of the 

 fronto-nasal process, remains above the double eye and presents a shape 

 something like a proboscis, decidedly abnormal, but characteristic of all 

 monsters in which there is no space between the eye-components. [Cf. 

 the imperfect face of an unsymmetrical Janus.] 



In the next stage, however (stage VI), which closely approaches a 

 normal type, the eye-balls are distinct and a small and narrow nose 

 rudiment, usually with a single median nostril, succeeds in pushing its 

 way down the narrow interval between them, and thus appears in the 

 normal position. 



To continue the series further it is necessary to select several types of 

 faces which may be found at any time in an average street crowd. We 

 may begin with an individual with the eyes unusually close together and 

 with the thin file-like nose that always accompanies such a condition 



