Basil C. H. Harvey 209 
solutions instead of the diluted forms which Mayer employed, were used 
with advantage. The following copper-chrome-hematoxylin stain per- 
sonally communicated to me by Professor Bensley and reported here for 
the first time, has been very convenient and valuable. Sections are 
placed for one minute each in a saturated solution of neutral copper 
acetate, a 3 per cent aqueous solution of potassium bichromate, and a 
saturated aqueous solution of hematoxylin crystals, being washed in tap 
water after each. This round is once repeated and then the stain is 
differentiated in Weigert’s borax-ferricyanide. It stains the granules 
of the parietal cells black and this stain is very persistent, not being 
quickly removed by the borax-ferricyanide. It stains the chromatin 
black. From the latter, however, the stain quickly disappears in the 
differentiating solution, leaving the parietal cell granules clearly differen- 
tiated (Fig. 5). This method was very satisfactory for the detection 
and study of parietal cells. Paracarmine and iron-hematoxylin were 
also used as nuclear dyes, and very satisfactory preparations were 
obtained by following them with muchematein and mucicarmine re- 
spectively. 
NorMAt ANATOMY. 
As has been shown by various investigators from Cobelli, 66, on, the 
entire stomach exclusive of the pars cesophagea may be divided through- 
out the mammalia into three parts, cardiac, fundus, and pyloric, in 
accordance with differences in character of the tunica mucosa. 
I. The cardiac region is occupied by glands which are fully described 
by Edelmann, 89, Bensley, 02, Haane, 05, and others, and which are 
not especially concerned in this investigation. 
Il. The fundus region is occupied by mucous membrane which is 
chocolate pink in color and is composed of glands opening into a cylindri- 
cal pit, which is merely a depression of the surface extending through 
one-fifth to one-fourth of the thickness of the mucous membrane. The 
epithelium lining it passes by a very gradual transition into that of the 
general gastric surface on the one side and into that of the gland necks 
on the other. Its cells are cylindrical, containing a round or oval nucleus 
in the attached half, and at the free end a theca containing a rounded 
mass of mucous secretion which becomes thrown out during digestion. 
Bensley, 98, has described a second globule of mucus near the nucleus in 
the cat, and Holmgren, 02, and others, describe as trophospongium, 
structures appearing in these cells between the nucleus and the free end. 
The cytoplasm in fixed specimens presents a fibrillar element and an 
interfibrillar substance. 
