210 Gastric Glands of Dog after Gastroenterostomy 
The glands proper are made up of two parts, the necks opening into 
the foveole and the bodies opening into the necks. The neck occupies 
about two-thirds of the length of glands near the lesser curvature and 
one-third of those near the greater curvature. There are very considerable 
individual variations in the relative lengths of these two portions, the 
variations being due mainly to differences in length of the body. Both 
parts are made up of parietal cells and chief cells. 
(a) Parietal cells. These are relatively more numerous at the foveolar 
end of the neck, and they become relatively less numerous toward the 
muscularis mucose. They have ordinarily a diameter two or three times 
as great as that of neighboring chief cells. They are separated from 
the lumen by a layer of chief cells, between which lie the intercellular 
ducts, putting them in communication with it, although they occasionally 
extend to the lumen themselves, especially in the neck region. Their 
outline in sections is usually round or oval. The nucleus is central 
and is often double or even triple, and there is evidence of direct division 
of these nuclei without corresponding division of the cytoplasm. (Cade, 
or.) This author observed near the nuclei, bodies which he regards 
as debris of broken-down nuclei which have been replaced by new ones 
arising by direct nuclear division. The cytoplasm contains many fine 
granules, staining pink in the fuchsin-orange G mixture, dark brown or 
black in copper-chrome-hematoxylin (Fig. 5), and remaining unstained 
by neutral gentian or toluidine blue. Some cells are packed with them. 
Vacuoles, which Sachs, 87, regarded as indications of pathological proc- 
esses, and which Schmaus and Albrecht, 95, regard as indicative of 
degeneration, appear in many of my preparations of the apparently 
healthy resting stomach. A granule free zone, more or less closely sur- 
rounding the nucleus and described by Zimmerman, 98, Kolossow, 98, 
and others, is occasionally present. It, as well as the vacuoles, may be in 
part due to the presence of the system of intracellular canals demon- 
strated by Eric Miiller, 92, Golgi, 93, and Langendorf and Laserstein, 
94, communicating with intercellular ducts or directly with the gland 
lumen, and appearing in various parts of the cell section as granule free 
areas. 
Spirilla staining purple with neutral gentian, and black with 
copper-chrome-hematoxylin, described first by Bizzorzero, 93, appear 
constantly in the gland lumina and are closely associated with the parietal 
cells. According to Theohari and Babes, 05, they were not to be found 
actually within these cells in dogs till after treatment with their gastro- 
toxic serum. Bizzozero found them, however, in the healthy stomach and 
